health and human unit 3 aos 1

Health and wellbeing

the state of a person's physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence. It is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.

Emotional health and wellbeing (including example)

Relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way. Emotional health and wellbeing is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions as the ability to display resilience. Emotional health and wellbeing is the degree to which an individual feels emotionally secure and relaxed in everyday life. **E.g.** Able to experience a range of emotions when appropriate OR overly pessimistic

Mental health and wellbeing (including example)

The current state of wellbeing relating to a person's mind or brain and the ability to think and process information. A mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic. **E.g.** Able to learn new things OR unable to maintain focus

Physical health and wellbeing (including example)

Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks. **E.g.** Healthy level of body fat OR low energy level.

Social health and wellbeing (including example)

Relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations. It also includes the level of support provided by family and within a community to ensure that every person has equal opportunity to function as a contributing member of society. **E.g.** contributes to community OR social isolation

Spiritual health and wellbeing (including example)

Relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. It includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection of your place in the world. **E.g.** sense of peace OR lacks principles or values

Dynamic

Continually changing

Subjective

Influenced by or based on personal beliefs, feelings or opinions.

Disease

A physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage.

Illness

A subjective concept related to personal experience of a disease.

Health as a resource for individuals

People can be free from disease and injury, work productively and earn an income.

Health as a resource nationally

Reduces illness, disease and injury, more people are able to work, reduced healthcare costs for government.

Health as a resource globally

Reduces rates of communicable diseases, promotes productive global trade and global peace and security.

Factors that affect illness

The number and severity of diseases experienced, the age of the individual and the threshold for pain.

Prerequisites for health

The basic conditions and resources that must be available in health and wellbeing are to occur. Peace, shelter, education, food, income, equity, stable ecosystem, social justice and sustainable resources.

Peace

the absence of conflict within a community, region or country.

How peace contributes to improved health outcomes

\-Reduced mortality and injury rates which decreases stress and anxiety

\-People can go about their daily activities which enhances opportunity for social interaction

\-Promotes infrastructure, which reduces the risk of disease as people can access resources

\-Governments can provide people with resources.

Shelter

A structure that provides protection from the outside environment

How shelter contributes to improved health outcomes

\-Include protection from the elements, privacy, safety, reduced risk of disease, reduced stress and anxiety, ability to focus on education or employment and time to pursue a purposeful life.

\-Promotes adequate sleep.

Education

Ensuring that all children complete a full course of primary and secondary schooling and that everyone can develop the skills they need to gain meaningful employment

How education contributes to improved health outcomes

\-requirement for obtaining meaningful and well-paid employment, that promotes economic development and the ability to afford resources.

\-promotes literacy which improves health literacy

\-educated individuals are empowered to take control of their lives.

Food

The state in which all people obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food through local non-emergency sources, regularly.

How food contributes to improved health outcomes

\-Enhances physical H&W as it increases the ability of individuals to consume required for the functioning of the human body.

\-Energy to complete daily tasks

\-People with food are less related to stress about food related issues

\-Adequate energy levels allowing people to work.

Income

Being able to access adequate financial resources to have a decent standard of living

How income contributes to improved health outcomes

\-Allows individuals to afford healthcare

\-Allows parents to send children to school.

\-Increases ability to access transport to access resources

Social justice

Equal rights regardless of personality traits such as sex, class/income, ethnicity, religion, age or sexual orientation.

How social justice contributes to improved health outcomes

-When all people have the same access to resources and opportunities, society is just: formal education, meaningful employment/fair pay, adequate shelter, social security, food and water, healthcare and recreation.

Equity

Concept that relates to fairness and social justice but has a particular focus on disadvantaged groups

How equity contributes to improved health outcomes

\-Means that all people can have the minimum level of income

\-Equity ensures access to: education, employment, human rights and resources such as healthcare.

Sustainable resources

Ensuring that resources used to promote health and wellbeing are present and available for future generations, so that they too can experience good quality of life.

How sustainable resources contribute to improved health outcomes

\-Ongoing access to materials and resources required for heating and shelter

\-Ongoing access to sufficient food sources and clean water.

Stable ecosystem

When balance is achieved between the environment and the species that live in the environment.

How stable ecosystems contribute to improved health outcomes.

\-Plants and animals provide opportunity for employment which increases income

\-predictable weather means effective farming leading to food security.

\-clean water and air are vital for survival

\-many natural substances are used to manufacture medicine

Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)

The average length of time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health; that is, time lived without the health consequences of disease or injury

Life expectancy

The number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change.

Morbidity

Ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population (often expressed through incidence, prevalence.

Mortality

the number of deaths in a population in a given period.

Self assessed health status

An individual’s own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind and their life in general.