Lab 1: Anatomical Terms, Histology, and the Integumentary System

Biology 223

Anatomical Position

Body viewed from anterior surface with palms facing forward

Cephalic

Head Region

Cervical

Neck

Axillary

Armpit

Brachial

arm

Thoracic

chest

Abdominal

stomach

Dorsal

Upper back

Lumbar

lower back

Pelvic

hips/pelvis

Transverse/Cross Sectional Plane

Horizontal cut of body

Frontal/Coronal Cross Sectional Plane

Vertical horizontal length cut of body (back side/ front)

Sagittal Cross Sectional Plane

vertical cut between eyes all the way down the body (symmetric)

Anterior/Ventral

front

Superior

top/going up

Cranial/Cephalic

towards head

Medial

towards midline/belly button

Proximal

closer to ____

Superficial

towards surface

Posterior/Dorsal

back (hint:dorsal fin)

Inferior

bottom/going down

Caudal

towards tail

Lateral

away from midline/belly button

Distal

further from ____

Deep

further in

superficial

Your epidermis is ______ to your dermis

distal/inferior

your feet are ______ to your knee

Apical

exposed/top surface/not attached

Basal

attached/not exposed

pink image with black dots

Simple Squamous Epithelium

purple dots in purple

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

red cubes with black dots

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

big pink circles with purple dots

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

squished pink with white above

Transitional Epithelium - Stretched State

peach and red dots

Transitional Epithelium - Relaxed State

purple and pink with hot pink line on top

Simple Columnar Epithelium

dark purple and pink with wavy on top

Psuedostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

white line in the center

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Villi

pink line on top of Simple Columnar Epithelium (structure)

Cilia

wavy pink line on top of Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium (structure)

Glandular Epithelium

tissue made of cells that produce and release chemicals

Endocrine Glands

release products into interstitial fluid/blood stream (pituitary/hormones)

Exocrine Glands

release products through ducts on apical surfaces (sweat glands)

pink spider webs

Areolar Loose Connective Tissue

yellow fatty spheres

Adipose Loose Connective Tissue

green and yellow mush

Reticular Loose Connective Tissue

hortizontal hot pink

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

pink and White Sea of waves

Elastic Connective Tissue

gray and purple swirls

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Tendon

muscle to bone elastic connective tissue

Liagment

bone to bone elastic connective tissue

aponeurosis

muscle to muscle elastic connective tissue

Erythrocytes

Formed Element of Blood (RBC)

Leukocytes

Formed Element of Blood (WBC)

Platelets

Formed Element of Blood (cell fragments)

Plasma

everything in the blood besides the 3 formed elements

pink ombre with purple/white dots

Hyaline Cartilage Supporting Connective Tissue

pink and purple dots

Elastic Cartilage Supporting Connective Tissue

light pink with hot pink swirls

Fibrocartilage Supporting Connective Tissue

brown with dots and hole

Bone/Osseous Supportive Tissue

Osteocytes

Red dots on superficial surface of bone that help rebuild

Osteoblasts

produce fibers and matrix of bone

Osteoclasts

dissolves fibers and matrix of bone

Canaliculi

red lines around osteocytes that are passage ways

Periosteum

dense fibrous membrane that covers outer surface of bone

Compact Bone

hard bone on outside

Spongy Bone

inside of hard bone

pink vertical lines with 4 dots

Skeletal Muscle Tissue - Voluntary

vertical red and white

Cardiac Muscle Tissue - Involuntary

basically all red with black dots

Smooth Muscle Tissue - Involuntary

bulk of neuron

Cell Body (structure)

nucleus

Dot in Cell Body (structure)

Perikaryon

fluid inside the cell body

Dendrite

hard branches outside cell body

Axon

tail at the end of cell body (structure)

Myelin Sheath

insulation surrounding axon (layer)

Internode

everything that’s not a node on the axon (structure)

Nodes of Ranvier

squish between axons (structure)

Axon Hillock

side of cell body before axon (structure)

Telodendria/Terminal Branches

pink squish by dendrites

Synaptic Terminals/Knobs

thick bottom of telodendria

Synaptic Cleft

little gap between the cell body and Synaptic Terminal

Postsynaptic Cell

cell that receives information from pre-synaptic cell

Pre-Synaptic cell

sending end (dendrite end)

Neuroglia/Glial Cells

helper cells

Oligodendrocyte

glial cells within CNS

Schwann Cell

glial cells within parasympathetic NS

Central NS

Oligodendrocytes

Parasympathetic NS

Schwann Cells

C.O.P.S

Stratum Corneum

first two layers of epidermis (most superficial)

Stratum Lucidum

3rd layer of epidermis

Stratum Granulosum

4th layer of epidermis

Stratum Spinosum

5th layer of epidermis

Stratum Germinativum/Basale

6th layer of epidermis S

Basal Lamina

7th layer of epidermis

Dermal Papillae

8th layer of epidermis (most deep)

C.L.G.S.G.B.D

Cut

Lab

Get

Some

German

Beer

Dude

Artery

red lines (accessory structure)

Vein

blue lines (accessory structure)

Papillary Plexus

a mixed bundles of vein and arteries in one area (accessory structure)

Nerve

yellow lines (accessory structure)