insects (terrestrial crustaceans)

exam 3 - the animal world

general information

• largest group of anthropods

• 3 body regions

  • head

  • thorax

  • abdomen

• 1 - 2 pairs of wings

• ALL have 6 legs

• 1 pair of antennae

entomology

• goods

  • silk

• services

  • pollination

  • pest control

• food → honey

• research → fruit flies

wings

• most have two pairs

  • forewings

  • hindwings

• some are wingless

  • silverfish

  • fleas

• some are modified

  • halteres on flies

  • used for balance

• beetles have hard forewings

  • elytra

• membranous hindwings fold underneath

hemiptera (true bugs)

• every bug is an insect, but not all insects are bugs

• posterior of thorax is triangular

• wings cross

• stinkbug

• giant water bugs

• leaf hopper

• water boatman

kissing bugs

• chagas disease

• dogs can become infected

• causes early heart attacks

coleoptera

• ~400,000 species described

• thick exoskeleton

• larvae called grubs

• large elytra

• life cycle

  • eggs

  • larvae

  • pupae

  • adult

• emerald ash borer

  • larvae feed of phloem

mayflies

• juveniles are aquatic

• adults found near water

  • do not feed

  • die + reproduce in 24 hrs

diptera (flies + mosquitos)

• one pair of wings

• halteres

dermaptera (earwigs)

• long flat bodies

• pincers @ end of abdomen

• short hard forewings

orthoptera

• grasshopper

• locusts

• crickets

• katydids

• large bodies

• hind legs modified for jumping

• ovipositor on abdomen

• often chirp

lepidoptera (moths + butterflies)

• important pollinators

• moths active at night

isoptera (termites)

• live in colonies

  • workers

  • soldiers

  • kings

  • queen

• feed on wood

odonata (dragonflies + damselflies)

• dragonflies hold wings perpendicular at rest

• damselflies hold wings together at rest

• aquatic as juveniles

hymenoptera (bees, ants and wasps)

• narrow waist connects thorax + abdomen

• abdomen curved downward

• may have stinger with venom

• usually colonial

siphonaptera

• ectoparasites

• compressed bodies

• elarged hind legs for jumping

• short antennae

• phthiraptera → lice