Nutr 202 - Pregnancy Nutrition Etc (13) next set of info

True or false: Increased risk of food borne illness during pregnancy

TRUE

Listeria (monocytogenes)

Bacterial infection found in uncooked meals and veggies, milk, and ready to eat foods such as deli meat

Toxoplasma

parasite found in undercooked meat & cat litter

What is the preferred method of feeding for new borns and infants?

BREASTFEEDING

What is the ideal form of breastfeeding

Exclusive breast-feeding: can help with both mom and baby

Breastfeeding the -----

PERFECT food

What are the benefits of breastfeeding for MOTHER:

- lose FAT faster
- build emotional and physical bond w/ baby
- decreased risk of breast & ovarian cancer
- save money

Benefits of breast-feeding a NEWBORN

Less likely to experience:
- allergies & intolerance
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is idiopathic

What are the large nutrients in breast-milk

- iron
- folic acid
- alpha lactalbumin
- lactoferrin
immune goblin A: antibody

What is the volume of INITIAL meals in an infants stomach

2-20mL

Colostrum

FIRST milk produced after birth, THINNER consistency, slightly yellow

Benefits of Colostrum (first milk)

- high in protein
- promotes growth
- contains maternal antibodies (coat GI tract) and serve as laxative

Meconium

babys first bowel movement (poop)

True or false: does colostrum coat the GI tract and create protective barrier?

TRUE!!

How long do you exclusively breastfeed for?

6 MONTHS

How long is continued supplemental breast-feeding?

1 YEAR

True or false: can you introduce solids after 6 months of breastfeeding?

TRUE

True or false: breast milk has nutritional value AFTER 1 year

False

For pre-mature babies, you must extend breastfeeding period by how many months early they were

ex: 2 months premature, 2 months extra of breastfeeding

What is the calorie requirement for mom if EXCLUSIVELY breastfeeding?

640 calories PER day for SIX (6) MONTHS

Where do the calories for mom who exclusively breastfeeds come from?

- some from fat stores
- 500 cal from for 1st 6 months
- 400 cal a day for 2nd 6 months

What is the CARB requirement for breastfeeding mothers

increase 80g from pre-pregnancy requirements

What is the PROTEIN requirement for breastfeeding mothers

increase by 15-20g above pre-pregnancy requirements

What is the FAT requirement for breastfeeding mothers

NO MORE than 30-35% total calories from fat
- at least 10 % from monounsaturated
- at least 10% from polyunsaturated fat

What are the iron requirements for breastfeeding mothers

DECREASE iron during lactation

What are the rapid growth stats for a babys FIRST year

- DOUBLE 2x birth weight by 4 to 6 months
- TRIPLE 3x weight by 12 months

What are the HIGH calorie needs for a baby to support rapid growth?

40-50 calories per pound body weight per day

What is the percentage of FAT needed for a growing baby?

- 50 to 60%
- needed for growth and development

What is the percentage of protein needed for a growing baby?

- NO MORE than 20% of total calories from protein

True or false: Infants are at an increased risk of dehydration?

TRUE

Why are infants at an increased risk of dehydration?

- lose more water via EVAPORATION (they sweat a lot)
- kidneys are not fully developed

True or false: babies have a GREATER surface area compared to adults?

TRUE

How much fluid does a baby need?

- 1/3 cup per pound of body weight (up to 18lbs)

True or false: If a baby is a year or UNDER, can you give them other kinds of milk such as cow or goat?

FALSE - does not meet infant needs

What are the vitamin & mineral needs beyond milk?

- vitamin K: shot given to babies at birth in US
- vitamin D: low in breast milk
- Iron: needed for exclusively breast-fed infants 4-6 months of age
- fluoride: breast-fed infants OVER 6 months of age
- B12: for babies who had vegan mother POST 6 months supplement

How long till nutrients decrease in breast milk?

3 months

True or false: A healthy baby is born with adequate iron and zinc

TRUE

True or false: infants stores used up by 6 months?

TRUE

Complementary foods (for infants)

Solds & liquids that join breast-feeding in normal progression toward adult eating patterns. Given w/ breastmilk

What can happen if you introduce solids too early (before 6 months)

- babies enzyme for digestion
- can increase type 1 diabetes
- risk of anemia (fruits & veggies)
- choking
- obesity

What nutrients are problematic for breast-fed infants after 6 months of age with solid foods?

iron , zinc, vit. A, and vit B6

Extrusion Reflex

by 6 months of age babies have tongue-thrusting reflex

What are the steps to prevent allergies?

- introduce 1 food at a time
- watch for food allergies (expose)
- easy and tolerable to digest
- variety

What are simple solid foods babies can begin with?

- iron fortified cereal
- rice cereal
- fruits & veggies
- meats

Bottle- mouth syndrome

- TOOTH DECAY (production of lactic acid that can wear down tooth enamel)
- infants or toddlers who go to bed w/ bottle or sippy cup of milk or juice