Biofeedback

Electromyographic Feedback is

modality to measure output in areas like muscle contract, stress, motor learning

monitors

neurological activity muscle contractions/converts activity into feedback by pt to input lost from receptors

4 types Biofeedback

peripheral temp

finger phototransmission

galvanic skin response

EMG

which type is most used

EMG

whats the scale

visual and audio

peripheral temp units is what measure

indirect of diameter of peripheral blood vessels (seen finger/toes)

how body rxs to periph

increase indicates relaxed

decrease indicates stress/fear/anxiety

Finger Phototransmission is measured

indirectly using photoplthysmograph

what does finger photo. monitor

amt light reflected by subcutaneous tissues based amt blood flow

if blood volume increase what happens to amt light

it decreeases

galvanic skin response measures

amt of perspiration on skin

sweat contains salt that will do what to electrical conductivity

increases

what is a lie detector test

galvanic skin response

EMG is what measure

direct of muscular strength

what does EMG mesure

electrical activity associated w muscle contraction

how does the placement of electrodes affect

magnitude reached on biofeedback scale

indications biofeedback

muscle re ed

relax muscle tension

effective implemented early

use w NMES muscle re ed

surface electrodes for biophysical processes and electrical integration

2 active electrodes 1 ref electrode

what do the surface electrodes do

actives measure muscle electrical activity and reference filters noise

what doe the surface electrodes monitor

electrical activity wi local area of muscle(intensity not direct measure)

with surface electrodes as electrical activity increases when the number of moto units

increase

surface electrodes are sensitive to superficial or deep muscles

superficial - deep need fine wire electrodes

what do active electrodes do

detect electrical activity from muscle contraction and converts into visual or auditory signals

reference electrode does what

filters noise and pt reference compare electrical activty recorded by active electrodes

electrode placement

ideal is directly over motor pt in target muscle(motor pt chart, e stim unit, muscle belly)

biofeedback unit

signal transmitted to device where amplified and converted to visual and/or auditory signals

separation and amplification EMG activity

magn small volt dected by each electrode differ respect to reference electrode creating 2 separate signals

beep is rapid and loud

higher pitch so work harder

common mode rejection ratio

ability differential amplifier to eliminate common noise btw active electrodes

filtering for CMDR

reduced, make amplifiers sensitive to incoming frequencies and less to others

muscle activity freq

80-250 Hz

electrical current

60 Hz

signal processing amp

raw signs in min volts into mvolts

after anp and filtering EMG signal will

indicate true electrical/raw EMG activity in muscle

raw EMG is

alterniating volt - direction/polarity constantly reversing

rectification is to determine

overall increase/decrease in electrical activity

integration of signal processing is are

under curve for specified period time

integration is total amt EMG

activity occuring during specified time interval

indications EMG

facilitate muscle re ed

restore of NM function

increase muscular strength

promote relax spasm

reduct muscle guarding

assist w pain control

neurological conditions

contrinidications

muscular contrctures compromise healing structure

contraction cause jt movement and motion is contraindicated

effects injury response process of pain

faciliate muscle reed and promote muscle relax that occur w biofeedback training result in decreased pain

muscle re ed procedures

estab absence of contrindications

clean Tx site

secure electrodes

educate pt regarding purpose Tx

establish goals pt

have pt perform max contract

set goal line biofeedback line

instruct pt perform desired amt contracts holding

goal lin adjusted

follow biofeedback Tx have Pt perform several contracts

give pt home program

methods facilitate muscle contraction

have pt contract contralateral muscle prior/ along w invilved muscle

let pt practice w biofeedback on contralateral m before attempting to train invilved m

have pt contract surrounding musculature along target musculature

start muscle contract

begin w NMES elecited contracts w transition to biofeedback monitored contracts

lightly touch target m as pt attempts contract muscle

goal of muscle relax

decrease number motor impulses being relayed to muscle in spasm

muscle relaxation procedures

establish absence contraindications

clean Tx site

secure electrodes over motor pts

educate pt regarding purpose Tx

establish goals

position comfortable

set up for muscle relaxation

set goal biofeedback based on baseline level activity

unit often set at