Professional Education Licensure Review Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the Philippine Teaching Profession, foundations of education, social science theories, laws, inclusive education, curriculum development, and learning principles based on professional education lecture notes.

Idealism

A philosophy of education focused on the mind and spirit.

Realism

A philosophy involving the senses and teaching what is tangible or seen.

Pragmatism

A philosophy emphasizing practical use, learning by doing, and the development of skills.

Essentialism

A philosophy centered on a body of knowledge, content focus, and going back to basics.

Perennialism

The belief that education should focus on ideas that are forever and unchanging.

Structural – Functionalism

A social science theory by Herbert Spencer and Robert Merton viewing society as a system of interconnected parts, each with a unique function.

Conflict Theory

A theory by Karl Marx viewing society as a competition for limited resources where education maintains the power structure.

Educational Decree of 1863

A Spanish period decree that established elementary schools in every town or pueblo in the Philippines.

RA 9155

The Governance of Basic Education Act which encourages local initiatives and establishes school and community networks.

PD 1006

The 1976 decree by Ferdinand Marcos that provided the first legal basis for the professionalization of teachers and established the PBET.

RA 7836

The Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994 which moved licensing to the PRC and established the LET with a $75\%$ passing rate.

RA 9293

The 2004 amendment of RA 7836 requiring $18$ units for methods of teaching and refresher courses for inactive teachers.

RA 4670

The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers which limits actual classroom teaching to $6\,\text{hours}$ per day.

Impairment

An organ level of disorder.

Handicap

A societal level of disorder.

Mainstreaming

Inclusive education where learners with disabilities are in regular classes using the same materials within a specific timeframe.

Dysgraphia

A learning disability specifically affecting writing.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Formula

$$IQ = \frac{\text{mental age}}{\text{physical age}} \times 100$$

Written Curriculum

The curriculum that is formally documented, such as a lesson plan.

Hidden Curriculum

Aspects of the teaching and learning process that are not planned but still influence the environment.

Recommended Curriculum

The curriculum proposed or recommended by experts in the field of education.

Cognitive Domain

The domain of educational objectives developed by Benjamin Bloom focusing on intellectual skills.

Direct Instruction

A teacher-centered approach focused on the dispenser of knowledge or a sage on the stage.

Indirect Instruction

A learner-centered approach where the teacher acts as a facilitator or a guide on the side.

Scaffolding

Competent assistance or support from a More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) to help a learner in their Zone of Proximal Development.

Metacognition

A concept by John Flavell referring to thinking about thinking or learning how to learn.

Object Permanence

A milestone in the Sensorimotor Stage ($0-2$ years) where a child understands that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.

Formative Assessment

Assessment for learning conducted before and during instruction to monitor a child's progress, typically recorded but not graded.

Summative Assessment

Assessment of learning conducted after instruction that is recorded and graded to evaluate final outcomes.

Validity

The characteristic of a test that ensures it measures what it intends to measure.

Reliability

The consistency or precision of a test over multiple administrations.

Proximodistal

A principle of human development where growth proceeds from the center of the body outward.

Cephalocaudal

A principle of human development where growth proceeds from the head down to the toes.

Positive Discrimination Index

A result in item analysis indicating that a test item should be retained or revised.

Moderate Difficulty Index

A test item with a score between $0.41-0.60$ which is considered appropriate for retention.