OOPS

Python

Class & Object

Core Concept	Simple Analogy
Blueprint vs. Tangible Instance	The schematic drawing vs. the physical car.

Encapsulation

Wrapping data and hiding internal state

The locked hood protecting the   engine components.

Abstraction

Hiding complex details, showing simple controls

The steering wheel and pedals (hide the engine mechanics).

Inheritance

Sharing code from parent to child

A Truck inherits basic "Vehicle" traits but adds a cargo bed.

Polymorphism

Same command, different behaviors

Pressing "Start" wakes up a gas engine vs. an electric motor.