Global Changes and the Role of Anthropology Flashcards

Vocabulary terms and definitions related to global changes, anthropology, migration, and structural power dynamics as discussed in Chapter 16.

Multiculturalism

Public policy for managing cultural diversity in a multi-ethnic society, officially stressing mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differences within a country’s borders.

Pluralistic societies

Societies that lack a common cultural identity and history, and often do not share the same language or religion.

Fragmentation

A rising major obstacle to the effective operations of a pluralistic society.

Internal migration

The movement of people within the boundaries of the country.

External migration

The movement of people from one country to another, which can be voluntary or involuntary.

Xenophobia

Fear or hatred of strangers or anything foreign, especially inflammatory during social tensions and economic insecurity.

Mega city

An urban area containing more than $10$ million people.

Structural power

Power that organizes and orchestrates the systemic interaction within and among societies, directing economic, political, and ideological forces.

Hard power

Coercive power backed up by military force used to impose changes on foreign countries.

Soft power

Power operating through persuasion, such as foreign aid, diplomacy, and mass media, to institute change.

Global corporations

Large organizations that cut across international boundaries, sometimes possessing revenues that exceed the GDP of entire countries.

Global media environment

An environment created by modern electronic and digital technologies, often owned and controlled by large corporations to influence ideas and behavior.

Structural violence

The physical and/or psychological harm caused by impersonal, exploitative, and unjust social, political, and economic systems.

Replacement reproduction

The point at which birth and death rates are in equilibrium and people produce only enough children to replace themselves.

Tokyo

Identified as the world’s largest city.

United Nations (UN) member states

The $192$ states formally admitted as members of the organization, representing significantly fewer groups than the approximately $5,000$ national groups in the world.