3. Pediatric Development

Developmental screening is performed to allow for early detection and __.

intervention, which leads to better outcomes.

Routine developmental screening examinations are recommended at __, __, __, and __ months.

9, 18, 24, and 30

Autism-specific screening is recommended at __ months

18 and 24 months

The best available test to assess infant development (1-42 months) is the __.

Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID).

A newborn typically regains birth weight by __ weeks.

2

At __ months, a child should double their birth weight.

4–6

By __ year, a child should triple their birth weight.

1

Gross motor skills develop in a __ pattern.

cephalocaudal (head to toe).

Fine motor skills develop in a __ pattern.

proximal to distal (center of body outward).

The persistence of a primitive reflex beyond the expected age indicates __.

brain or nervous system damage.

The Moro Reflex is characterized by abduction and __ of arms when the head is suddenly dropped.

extension

When the head is turned to the side, an infant assumes a __ position.

fencer.

The Galant Reflex causes the trunk and hips to swing toward the __ area when stroked.

stimulus.

The Parachute Reflex appears at to months and persists.

8, 9

An infant should roll from Prone to Supine by __ months.

4.

At to months, an infant can sit without support.

6, 9

Walking independently typically occurs at __ months.

12.

A 2-year-old should be able to run well and __ a ball forward.

kick

At __ months, children should not say words other than mama/dada.

18.

A 4-year-old can stand on one foot for seconds and hop times.

3–5, 5

The raking grasp appears at __ months.

6.

The early pincer grasp develops at __ months.

9.

At __ months, children can copy a circle.

36.

A child can tie their shoelaces by __ years.

5.

The 'Rule of 4s' for speech intelligibility measures that a 2-year-old is __ intelligible to strangers.

50%

A child should coo at months and babble at months.

2, 6

A child should respond to their name by __ months.

9.

Two-word sentences typically occur by __ months.

24.

Red flags for language delay at 12 months include no __.

babbling.

By __ months, a child should start demonstrating 2-word phrases.

24.

The social smile first appears at __ months.

2.

Object Permanence begins at months and is well-established by months.

6, 9

Stranger anxiety typically appears at __ months.

6.

An IQ of less than __ is defined as Intellectual Disability.

70–75

Core symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder include impaired social interactions and __ deficits.

communication

Rett Syndrome is characterized by normal development for __ months followed by regression.

6

Children with Asperger's Disorder have no component of language impairment but face poor __ skills.

nonverbal

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome features sudden language deterioration known as __.

aphasia.

Dyslexia is a neurological learning disability affecting word recognition and __.

spelling.

__ are considered the best available assessments for infant development up to 42 months.

Bayley Scales of Infant Development.

A child typically begins to speak their first words between and months.

10, 14

The average child can comprehend simple commands by __ months.

12.

By how many months of age does a toddler typically have a vocabulary of around 50 words?

12

By __ months, a child should be using 3-word phrases.

30

Cognitive development milestones begin to show significant progression at __ years.

2

By age __, a child can describe events that happened recently.

3

Self-awareness typically emerges between and years of age.

1, 2

__ skills are essential for communication and social interactions in early childhood.

Language

Visual milestones include focusing on objects by __ weeks.

8

By __ months, an infant can visually track moving objects.

3

Children often exhibit separation anxiety at around __ months.

9

The development of __ is crucial for later academic success.

social skills

A child typically imitates actions or sounds of others by __ months.

12

__ refers to the understanding that items continue to exist even when out of sight.

Object permanence.

Stranger anxiety commonly surfaces around __ months of age.

6

At __ months, infants often show interest in social play.

12

__ behaviors include repetitive actions or insistence on sameness often seen in autism.

Restrictive

An IQ under 70 implies significant limitations in __ functioning.

adaptive

Communication deficits in autism may include features like __, where a child repeats phrases or sentences.

echolalia

Dyslexia is often identified in children as they begin to learn how to __ and write.

read

The transition from sentence fragments to full sentences happens between and years.

2, 4

Rett Syndrome primarily affects __ and is marked by a loss of previously acquired skills.

females

The __ reflex is characterized by a strong assumption of feeding and grasping.

Moro

A child being unable to tie their shoelaces by age __ may indicate a fine motor delay.

5

The Galant reflex typically disappears by __ months.

4

By __ months, a child typically can jump in place.

18

At age __, children should climb stairs using alternating feet.

4

Typically, children achieve complete speech intelligibility by __ years.

4

During a developmental assessment, delays may be observed in __, motor, or social skills.

cognitive

The ability to follow simple commands develops significantly by __ months.

12

At __ months, children should be able to use gestures to indicate their wants.

9

The Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex typically disappears by __ months.

4

Fine motor skills in children are often assessed by their ability to __ objects using their fingers.

manipulate

__ development includes a child's emotional and social relationship with others.

Social

Significant growth and changes in motor skills generally happen from birth to __ years.

2

Language skills begin to flourish significantly during the __ years of life.

early

By age __, children know their own name and can represent themselves in play.

3

Mastery of the mature pincer grasp usually occurs around __ months.

12

The __ reflex is an important indicator of normal neurological development in infants.

Moro

Evaluating speech at different ages can help determine developmental __ in children.

milestones

By __ months, children usually can imitate sounds and facial expressions.

6

At __ years, children's language skills are typically becoming more complex.

5

The ability to hop on one foot is usually seen at __ years of age.

4

Developmental screenings become increasingly important as children approach school age, especially for __ development.

academic

Attaining independence in daily activities is important for __ skills development.

self-care

Connecting language to cognitive skills is crucial for successful __ development.

social

When assessing functional skills, the __ domain is essential for determining a child's independence.

adaptive

The identification of autism spectrum disorder is usually made by __ years of age.

3

Monitoring developmental milestones is essential to support a child's __ learning.

optimal

The Bayley Scales are best for evaluating infants and toddlers from to months.

1, 42

Listening skills are vital in communication and may be addressed in __ development assessments.

language

Children typically begin to engage in pretend play around __ years.

3

By age __, a child may begin forming friendships with peers.

4

Children generally show greater social interactions by __ months with increased cooing and babbling.

6

The social component of language development is critical for establishing __ relationships.

peer

Communication in children includes both verbal and non-verbal __ skills.

interaction

The __ reflex assists a baby in preparing for feeding and is critical for early development.

Moro

The ability to drop or throw objects is developed by __ months.

9

Language skills should be reviewed as children approach the __ age.

school

By __ years, a child can express their wants and needs verbally.

3