Latin midterm 2 practice sheet

"eō ad templum. īvī ad tabernam. ībō ad mare. īmus ad templum. īvimus ad tabernam. ībimus ad mare."

I go to the temple, I went to the tavern, I will go to the sea, we go to the temple, we went to the tavern, we will go to the sea

"ex ludō eunt"

• ex means "out of" or "from."

• ludō is "school" in the ablative case (used with ex to show movement away).

• eunt is present tense of īre meaning "they go."

• So, this phrase translates to: "They go from the school."

ex tabernā īvērunt

"They went from the tavern."

īvērunt; it’s the perfect tense of īre, meaning "they went."

ex mari ībunt

• ībunt is the future tense of īre, it means "they will go."

• mari is the ablative of mare, meaning "sea."

• So this phrase translates to: "They will go from the sea."

ex ludō it"

• it is the present tense singular of īre, meaning "he/she/it goes."

• This phrase translates to: "He/she/it goes from the school."

ex tabernā īvit

• īvit is the perfect tense of īre, meaning "he/she/it went."

• This phrase translates to: "He/she/it went from the tavern.

ex mari ibit

• ibit is the future tense of īre, meaning "he/she/it will go."

• mari (ablative of mare) again means "from the sea."

• So, "ex mari ibit" translates to: "He/she/it will go from the sea."

ex ludō eunt. ex tabernā īvērunt. ex mari ībunt. ex ludō it. ex tabernā īvit. ex mari ibit.

They go from the school. They went from the tavern. They will go from the sea. He/she/it goes from the school. He/she/it went from the tavern. He/she/it will go from the sea.

volō ad montēs īre

• volō as "I want."

• ad montēs means "to the mountains" (montēs is plural accusative of "mountain").

• īre means "to go" (infinitive form).

• So, this phrase translates to: "I want to go to the mountains."

voluī ad mare īre

• voluī is indeed the perfect tense of volō, so it means "I wanted" or "I have wanted."

• ad mare means "to the sea."

• īre remains "to go."

• So, this phrase translates to: "I wanted to go to the sea."

volam ad flumen īre

• volam is the future tense of volō, meaning "I will want."

• ad flumen means "to the river" (flumen is the accusative singular of "river").

• īre is again "to go."

• This phrase translates to: "I will want to go to the river."

volō ad montēs īre. voluī ad mare īre. volam ad flumen īre.

I want to go to the mountains. I wanted to go to the sea. I will want to go to the river.

mālō in montibus errāre

• mālō means "I prefer."

• in montibus means "in the mountains" (montibus is the ablative plural of "mountain").

• errāre means "to wander" or "to roam"

I prefer to wander in the mountains

māluī in mari natāre

• māluī is indeed the perfect tense of mālō, so it means "I preferred."

• in mari means "in the sea" (ablative singular of "sea").

• natāre means "to swim.

mālam in tabernā sedēre

• mālam is the future tense of mālō, meaning "I will prefer."

• in tabernā means "in the tavern" (ablative singular of "tavern").

• sedēre means "to sit."

• This phrase translates to: "I will prefer to sit in the tavern."

mālō in montibus errāre. māluī in mari natāre. mālam in tabernā sedēre.

"I prefer to wander in the mountains. I preferred to swim in the sea. I will prefer to sit in the tavern

nōn vultis vīnum bibere

You (all) do not want to drink wine."

nōluistis aquam bibere

You (all) did not want to drink water

nōlam cerevisiam bibere

"I will not want to drink beer

fer dona ad templum deōrum

Bring gifts to the temple of the gods!

ferte dona ad templum deārum.

Bring gifts to the temple of the goddesses!

fers dona ad templum deī. tulisti dona ad templum deae. ferēs dona ad templum deī deaeque

You bring gifts to the temple of the god. You carried gifts to the temple of the goddess. You will bring gifts to the temple of the god and the goddess

sum laeta. es laetus. est laeta. sumus laetī. estis laetī. sunt laetī.

I am happy. You are happy. She is happy. We are happy. You (all) are happy. They are happy.

"possum esse sapiens. potes esse sapiens. potest esse sapiens. possumus esse sapientēs. potestis esse sapientēs. possunt esse sapientēs."

"I can be wise. You can be wise. He/She/It can be wise. We can be wise. You (all) can be wise. They can be wise."

erō

(I will be)

• "Eager for the future!" (think of the “erō” sound as “eager” and associate it with the future).

• Imagine yourself eagerly thinking about what you will be—a reminder that erō means "I will be."

fuī

(I was)

• Mnemonic: "Fused with the past."

• Think of fuī as “fused” with something in the past—a completed state or experience. This can help recall that fuī means "I was."

Navēs in mari navigant, Navēs in mari navigāvērunt, Navēs in mari navigābunt

The ships sail on the sea. The ships sailed on the sea. The ships will sail on the sea

Agricola taurōs e silvā agit Agricola taurōs e silvā ēgit Agricola taurōs e silvā aget

The farmer drives the bulls out of the forest. (present tense) The farmer drove the bulls out of the forest (perfect tense) The farmer will drive the bulls out of the forest (future)

Agricolae taurum ad agrōs agunt Agricolae taurum ad agrōs ēgērunt Agricolae taurum ad agrōs agent

"The farmers lead the bull to the field." The farmers led the bull to the field The farmers will lead the bull to the field

Poetae bonum carmen magnā cum arte scrībunt Poetae bonum carmen magnā cum arte scripsērunt Poetae bonum carmen magnā cum arte scrībent

Poets write good poems with great skill. Poets wrote good poems with great skill Poets will write good poems with great skill

Bonus orator clarē voce dicere potest - Bonus orator clarē voce dicere potuit - Bonus orator clarē voce dicere poterit

The good speaker can speak clearly with [his/her] voice - The good speaker could speak clearly with [his/her] voice - The good speaker will be able to speak clearly with [his/her] voice.

In tabernā cum amicīs bibimus - In tabernā cum amicīs bibēmus - In tabernā cum amicīs bibuimus

"We drink in the tavern with friends." (bibimus is present tense, first-person plural, "we drink.") We will drink in the tavern with friends." (bibēmus is future tense, "we will drink." We drank in the tavern with friends." (bibuimus is perfect tense, "we drank.")

Vir fortis hostēs gladio vincit - Vir fortis hostēs gladio vīcit – Vir fortis hostēs gladio vincet

The brave man defeats his enemies with a sword - The brave man defeated his enemies with a sword - The brave man will defeat his enemies with a sword

Puer parvus multōs librōs legit - Puer parvus multōs librōs lēgit - Puer parvus multōs librōs legēt

The small boy reads many books - The small boy read many books. - The small boy will read many books.

Magister discipulīs sapientiam docet - Magister discipulīs sapientiam docuit - Magister discipulīs sapientiam docebit

The teacher teaches wisdom to the students - The teacher taught wisdom to the students - The teacher will teach wisdom to the students

Puella flōrēs pulchrōs in hortō colligit - Puella flōrēs pulchrōs in hortō collēgit – Puella flōrēs pulchrōs in hortō colliget

The girl gathers beautiful flowers in the garden - The girl gathered beautiful flowers in the garden - The girl will gather beautiful flowers in the garden

Ecce! est exercitus! Videō magnum exercitum! Timuērunt impetum exercitūs. Dux Romam exercitū īvit

Look! It is an army! I see a great army They feared the attack of the army The leader went to Rome with an army

Ecce! sunt exercitūs! videō magnōs exercitūs. timērunt impetum exercituum. dux Romam exercitibus īvit.

"Look! There are armies! I see large armies. They feared the attack of the armies. The leader went to Rome with the armies.

Ecce! est hiems! ō rem miseram! sunt nivēs et gelū et glaciēs!

Look! It is winter! Oh, what a miserable thing! There is snow, frost, and ice!

Ecce! est currus. ecce! sunt currūs. currūs hostis celerēs sunt. pugnō hostēs! pugnō curribus hostēs! pugnō currū hostēs!

Look! It is a chariot! Look! There are chariots! The chariots of the enemy are swift. I fight the enemies! I fight the enemies with chariots! I fight the enemies with a chariot!

Daedalus est artifex. multa manibus fēcit. multa manū facit.

Daedalus is an artisan." "He made many things with his hands. "He makes many things with his hand."

• Tenses: Notice how fēcit is in the perfect tense ("he made"), indicating past actions, while facit is in the present tense ("he makes"), indicating ongoing actions.

• Manibus vs. Manū:

  • Manibus is ablative plural ("with hands"), suggesting he used both hands in the past.

  • Manū is ablative singular ("with hand"), suggesting perhaps he currently uses one hand—this could be stylistic or symbolic.

Ecce! est portus. sunt multae navēs in portū. in portū multī nautae sunt. navēs ex portū navigābunt. īmus ad portum. īvimus ab portū.

"Look! It is a port. There are many ships in the port. There are many sailors in the port. The ships will sail from the port. We go to the port. We went from the port."

Nostra magistra gelū videt et clamat. gelū frigidum horridumque est. gelua frigida horridaque sunt. nostra magistra magnum metum gelūs habuit, habet, et semper habēbit.

Our teacher sees the frost and shouts. The frost is cold and dreadful. The frosts are cold and dreadful. Our teacher had, has, and will always have a great fear of frost

Meus metus serpentium magnum est. meī metūs serpentium ursōrumque magnī sunt. habeō metum serpentium. habēsne metum metuum?

"My fear of snakes is great. My fears of snakes and bears are great. I have a fear of snakes. Do you have a fear of fears?"

In lūdō linguam Latīnam discimus. In lūdō cum amicīs didicimus. In lūdō cum amicīs magnō cum gaudiō discēmus.

In school we learn the Latin language. In school we learned with friends. In school we will learn with friends with great joy.

Equus celeriter currit. Equus magnā cum celeritāte currit. Equī celeriter currunt. Equī magnā cum celeritāte currunt.

The horse runs quickly. The horse runs with great speed. The horses run quickly. The horses run with great speed

Lupa in silvā ambulat. Lupa in silvā sub arbore sedet. Lupa in silvā sub arbore magnō cum gaudiō sedēbit.

The wolf walks in the forest. The wolf sits in the forest under the tree. The wolf will sit in the forest under the tree with great joy.

Ursus in silvam ambulat. Ursus per silvam ambulāvit. Ursus ex silvā ambulābit. Ursus cum amicīs trans viam ambulat. Ursus cum amicīs ex silvā trans viam in alterā silvā magnā cum cūrā ambulat.

The bear walks into the forest. The bear walked through the forest. The bear will walk out of the forest. The bear walks with friends across the road. The bear walks with friends out of the forest across the road into another forest with great care.

Avēs in arboribus cum amicīs sedent. Avēs ab arboribus ad arborēs volāvērunt.

Birds sit in the trees with friends. The birds fly from the trees to the trees.

Nostra magistra gelū videt et clamat. gelū frigidum horridumque est. gelua frigida horridaque sunt. nostra magistra magnum metum gelūs habuit, habet, et semper habēbit.

Our teacher sees the frost and shouts. The frost is cold and dreadful. The frosts are cold and dreadful. Our teacher had, has, and will always have a great fear of frost.

Meus metus serpentium magnum est. Meī metūs serpentium ursōrumque magnī sunt. Habeō metum serpentium. Habēsne metum metuum

My fear of snakes is great. My fears of snakes and bears are great. I have a fear of snakes. Do you have a fear of fears?

Est discipulōrum discere. Est discipulōrum sapientium linguam Latīnam discere. Fuit, est et semper erit optimōrum discipulōrum linguam Latīnam discere.

It is the students' role to learn. It is the role of wise students to learn the Latin language. It was, is, and always will be the role of the best students to learn the Latin language

Est poetae carmina scrībere. Est poetārum optimōrum magnā cum arte scrībere

It is the poet’s role to write poems. It is the role of the best poets to write with great skill

Fuit Rōmānōrum hostēs vincere

It was the role of the Romans to conquer enemies

Fuit pīrātārum hominēs navēsque capere.

It was the role of the pirates to capture people and ships

Nōn est lupārum puerōs conservāre.

It is not the role of the wolves to protect children

Est fortium militum fortiter pugnāre. Est fortis militis magnā cum fortitudine pugnāre.

It is the role of brave soldiers to fight bravely. It is the role of a brave soldier to fight with great courage

Est curruum celeriter currere. Est curruum magnā cum celeritāte currere.

It is the role of chariots to move quickly. It is the role of chariots to move with great speed.