Bio Unit 5 Variation and Selection Chp 1 Chromosomes, Genes, DNA

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Last updated 9:53 AM on 8/9/26
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5 Terms

1
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OBJQ

What are the names of sex cell chromosomes for males and females, and what are the 22 pairs of chromosomes called?

Male sex cell chromosomes: XY

Female sex cell chromosomes: XX

22 pairs of chromosomes: Autosomes

2
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OBJQ

Explain the terms gene and DNA

Gene: Small section of DNA that determines the particular feature inside the nucleus of a cell.

Or section of DNA that codes for a specific protein inside the nucleus of a cell.

DNA: Chemical that is the basis of inheritance of nearly all organisms.

3
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OBJQ

Explain DNA in terms of structure and nucleotide

Structure: Double helix 

Made up of nucleotides: Sugar called deoxyribose (pentose sugar), phosphate and nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine)

4
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Name 3 types of DNA replication.

Conservative, semi-conservative and dispersive

5
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OBJR
Explain DNA replication

  • The polynucleotide strands of DNA separate, carried by the helicase enzyme.

  • Each strand acts as a template for the formation of a new strand of DNA. 

  • DNA polymerase assembles nucleotides into 2 new strands according to base pairing rules. 

  • Two identical DNA molecules are formed (semi-conservative)