Chpt 23; NON/SPECIFIC immune response

What is non-specific immune respone?

knowing the body cells from the foreign cells BUT not knowing what specific kind

What is the most general way the body responds in non-specific immunity?

inflammation the accumalation of proitens, fluids, and WBC to infected area

How does inflammation occur (5 things)

Macrophages phagocytose pathogens

Mast cells release histamine

basophils/mast BIND to make heparin

clotting factors make a scab to stop MORE pathogens

WBC/cytokines get rest of pathogens

What three things do cytokines cause after it releases chemotaxis

Margination, attachment, and diapedesis

After cytokines release, chemotaxis, explain what happens in margination attachment, and diapedesis

Margination = WBC go to BV

Attachment = WBC binds to BV wall

Diapedesis = WBC moves from BV to tissue

Which Interleukins (made from cytokines) are important in a FEVER production? How does it do this?

IL-1 and TNF-a make endogenous pyrogens which increase set temp AND increases core temp thru protaglandins

which interleukins are important for a protein in the liver called, what? What does it do?

IL-6 & TNF-a make C-reactive protein which actives opsin and complement system.

What is the function of interleukins?

communication between WBCs

What Are interferons? What 4 things does it do?

Proteins that PROTECT other cells from viral infections by invading host cells, replicating virus, destroying that host, and uses alpha and beta interferons to protect surrounding cells

What is specfic immune response? (3 things it uses)

Using antibodies, t-cell and IL-2 to target SPECIFIC pathogens

what is the compliment system? What specific illness do they target? How is it activated?

using plasma proteins that mark pathogens thru antibodies, especially bacteria. (C-reactive protein)

What are the 3 ways of the compliment system, what is to note abt all 3?

Classical, alternative and lectin (ALL have the same response)

What do the classical, letin, and alternative way do?

classical binds to the antibodies of bacteria, alternative binds to sugar-containing carb, and alternative binds to mannose-containing carb,

What is the same 4 response thru the compliment system?

opsination, WBC recruitement, histmine, and MAC

Explain the MAC response of the compliment system?

inserts protien into bacteria which causes swelling and cell lysis

Explain opsinization response of compliment system?

uses protien cb3 (decreases size of antibody) and opsin which stimulates phagocytosis

How is Histamine (response of complement system), released? (what 3 proteins)?

c3a, c4a, & c5a ALL stimuate histamine release (thru inflammation)

what are epitopes

Epitopes are specific regions on the antigen that fit to specific antibodies

What allows specifci anitboies to fit with specific epitopes?

Variable regions

What is the difference between humoral and cell-mediated immune respone (in terms of cells?)

humoral uses B-cells to mark pathogens, cell-mediated uses T-cells to attack pathogens

In phagocytosis what is the purpose of opsinin?

Marks the pathogen for phagocytosis