unit 1 music elements

pitch

how high or low a specific sound is

tone

sound with definite pitch

what is the distance between 2 tones called?

interval

distance between lowest and highest tones produced by voice or instrument

pitch range

music begins as an acoustic ______, not art

science

2 properties of musical sound

pitch, dynamics

dynamics

degree of sound being loud or soft

graded dynamics are dynamics that gradually get ____

louder

3 “parts” of the soft graded dynamic

pianissimo, piano, mezzo piano

pianissimo (pp)

very soft

piano (p)

soft

mezzo piano (mp)

moderately soft

4 “parts” of loud graded dynamic

mezzo forte, forte, fortissimo, fortississimo

mezzo forte (mf)

moderately loud

forte (f)

loud

fortissimo (ff)

very loud

fortississimo (fff)

loudest

why did loud dynamics become so prevalent? (2)

expression, rebellion

the crescendo indicates to…

get gradually louder

the decrescendo indicates to…

get gradually softer

<

crescendo

>

decrescendo

what was the original instrument?

voice

2 components that contribute to power of voice

lyrics, connection

3 levels of women’s voice (highest to lowest)

soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto

3 levels of men’s voice (highest to lowest)

tenor, baritone, bass

4 categories of instruments

string, woodwind, brass, percussion

2 things string instruments can be played with

bow, pick

5 examples of string instruments

guitar, violin, viola, cello, double bass

7 examples of woodwind instruments

piccolo, flute, clarinet, oboe, english horn, bassoon, saxophone

are clarinets/bass clarinets double- or single-reed?

single reed

are bassoons/contrabassoons double- or single-reed?

double reed

are oboes and english horns double- or single-reed?

double reed

are saxophones double- or single-reed?

single reed

4 examples of brass instruments (highest to lowest pitch range)

trumpet, french horn, trombone, tuba

6 examples of percussion instruments

drum, xylophone, chimes, piano, gong, cymbal

what type of instrument is the piano?

percussion

what type of instrument is the pipe organ?

wind

what are the 3 piano pedals?

damper, sostenuto, una corda