Bone Density- diagnostic imaging

what is the measure of a pts bone mineral density to see if they have osteroporosis

bone densitometry

what is another name for osteoporsis

“the silent disease”

what is osteoporsis

where the bones are brittle and not strong

what percent of females have osteoporsis

80%

what is the name of the bone density eval scan called

DEXA

what are the two types of bones

cortical and trabecular

what is another name for cortical bone

compact bone

what type of bone is the outer portion and very dense

cortical

what percent if made up of cortical bone

80%

where is mainly the cortical bone at in the body

forearm and hip

what is the inner aspect of bone and it is spongy

trabecularw

how much percent of bone is trabecular bone

20%

what areas of the body is trabecular most founded

spine, distal radius, calcaneus, greater trochanter

what are the two functioning remodeling for bone formation

osteoblasts and osteoclasts

do osteoclasts and osteoblasts work together

yes

what is the resorption of bone

osteoclasts

what is the formation of bones

osteoblasts

when is there a decrease in bone density

when resorption happens too quickly and formation happens too slowly

what are the two types of osteoporsis

primary (type 1 and type 2) and secondary

who is type 1 primary osteoporosis most common in

women (post menopausle)

what is the ages of type 1 primary osteoporosis to occur in

50-70

a decrease in estrogen gives what

an increase in reabsorption of the bone

what is type 2 primary most common to occur in

old men and women

what is the age to commonly occur for type 2 primary osteoporsis

after age of 70

how much does type 2 primary impact women more than men

twice as frequently

how does secondary osteoporosis happen

because of a medical condition (something else is impacting their bones

like the 5 variables of controlling osteoporosis

poor diet, smoking/alcohol, physical inactivity, mediations, low body weight

list the 6 uncontrollable variables of getting osteoporosis

gender, age, ethnicity, family hx, hx of previous fractures, certain medications

list three things you can do to check for osteoporsis

look at lab results, know family and personal hx, and pay attention to your physical self

what does DEXA stand for

dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

how many beams is in the DEXA scanner

2; one is a low beam and one is a high beam

denser bones =

absorbs more xrays

do we care about the soft tissue in the dexa scans

no, the computer subtracts out the soft tissue since we only care about the bone

list 5 pros of the DEXA scanners

non-invasive, quick, low pt dose, low cost, FDA approved

What are the two most common places to scan your body in the DEXA scanner

hip and l-spine

what other body part besides the hip and l-spine can you scan

forearm

morality rate for breaking hip

1/5

females are _ more likely to break their hips over men

2x

what does BMD stand for

bone mineral density

what is BMD used for

what we are looking for on the DEXA scanwha

what is the measure of BMD

measure of bone mineral per unit of area interested

what is the area interested in the BMD

hip or l-spine

what does BMC stand for

bone mineral content

what is BMC

the content of mineral of bone you are looking at

what is the t-score

BMD that tells us if the pt has osteoporosis or not

t-score if they are normal with strong bones

-1 or greater

t-score if they have osteopnea

-1 to -2.25

what is osteopnea

you do not have osteoporosis yet, but getting there

tscore if you have osteoporsis

-2.25 and less

tscore if you have severe osteoporsis

-2.25 and less AND hx with fractures

how old is the chart of tscores they compare too

30 year old

what are the two things z-score looks at

pre-menopausle female and male under 50

what are the two things z-score is compared to

age and gender mass

what does LSC stand for

least significant change

what is LSC

how much change occurs and is compared to norm to be able to dx

what are the two ways to treat vertebral body fractures

kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty

what uses a balloon and cement to fix the fracture

kyphoplasty

what just uses cement to fix fractures

vertebroplasty

5 ways to decrease the chance of osteoporosis

nutrition, healthy lifestyle, medication, exercise, vitamin D