Nutrition Practice Test McGraw Hill

As you build a healthy breakfast, which of the following foods would be a rich source of phytochemicals?

Blueberries

Rice Krispies cereal

Hard Boild egg

Cinnamon roll

Blueberries

What is BMI?

A ratio of weight to height

Which age group has the highest prevalence of obesity?

Middle-aged adults (40 to 59 years of age)

Leading causes of death in the US related to food intake

diabetes, kidney disease, cancer, stroke

Leading causes of death in the US not related to food intake

pneumonia/influena, suicide, chronic lower respiratory disease

Lisa is trying to choose more low-fat foods in order to reduce her risk for cardiovascular disease. One low-fat cookie that she sees advertised in the grocery store has 22 grams of carbohydrate, 2 grams of protein, and 1 gram of fat per cookie. How many kilocalories are in one of these low-fat cookies?

105 kcal per cookie

Carbohydrates

-Banana

-Butter

-Chicken breast

-Eggs

-Olive oil

-Rice

Banana

Rice

Lipid

-Banana

-Butter

-Chicken breast

-Eggs

-Olive oil

-Rice

Butter

Olive oil

Protein

-Banana

-Butter

-Chicken breast

-Eggs

-Olive oil

-Rice

Eggs

Chicken Breast

Simple Sugar

-Glucose

-Fructose

-Fiber

-Starch

-Sucrose

Glucose, Sucrose, Fructose

Complex carbohydrate

-Glucose

-Fructose

-Fiber

-Starch

-Sucrose

Fiber, Starch

The energy content of food is expressed in kilocalories. Which definition best describes how much energy is equal to one kilocalorie?

-A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1° Celsius.

-A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1° Celsius.

-A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1° Fahrenheit.

-A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gallon of water by 1° Fahrenheit.

A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1° Celsius.

Minerals are structurally simple, inorganic substances that exist as groups of one or more of the same atoms. In chemistry, what does "inorganic" mean?

For the most part, the substance does not contain carbon.

One serving of a packaged frozen dinner contains 1.5 grams of saturated fat. The Daily Value for saturated fat is 20 grams. What percent daily value (%DV) for saturated fat does one serving of this food provide?

7.5% Daily Value for saturated fat

he study of disease rates that vary among different population groups is called ____________ .

epidemiology

A scientist observes a natural phenomenon and develops a tentative explanation called a ____________ .

hypothesis

For example, if a scientist suspects caffeine intake affects behavioral changes in children, he may choose to conduct a(n) ____________ study where he randomly assigns children in the study to either a regular, normal-caffeine level diet or a high-caffeine diet group and then studies behavior without knowing which group received which diet.

randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled

The children who are in the group that receives a high-caffeine diet constitute the ____________ group.

experimental

The children who are in the group that receives a regular, normal-caffeine level diet make up the ____________ group.

control

If the results of many studies and much data support the original explanation about a relationship between caffeine intake and behavior, a ____________ is formed.

theory

First, let's calculate the energy density of the bars. Which bar has the highest energy density?

Candy bar

You are looking for a good energy bar to eat before you run the Race for the Cure 5K with your friends on Saturday morning. You notice that one brand of energy bar is made by a company that also makes candy bars. Is there much of a difference between an energy bar and a candy bar, after all? Examine the following Nutrition Facts panels for a candy bar and an energy bar to see how they compare in terms of energy density and nutrient density.

Energy bar

Which bar would you choose for fuel before the 5K?

Energy bar

Which of the following foods has the highest energy density?

Peanuts

In this study, higher dietary energy density was associated with

higher macronutrient intakes

Compared to the typical American diet, the traditional Mediterranean Diet relies more on ______ as a source of protein.

beans

In the study, which four lifestyle factors were considered in defining a "low-risk" lifestyle?

Smoking, exercise, diet, and weight

Which of the four low-risk lifestyle factors afforded the most protection from sudden cardiac death among the Nurses' Health Study cohort?

BMI

Adherance to Mediterranean

Excercising > 30 min a day

Not smoking

Excercising > 30 min a day

Approximately what percent of calories come from fat in Mario's manicotti?

Total fat: 4g

Calories: 230

15%

Which product has the lowest percent of calories from fat and saturated fat?

Lugi's = 27%

Mario's = 6%

Mario's

Which product has the highest nutrient density for protein?

Mario's = 19g protein, 230 calories

Lugi's = 17g protein, 390 calories

Mario's

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans emphasize

choosing more animal sources of protien

eliminating dietary cholesterol

increasing sodium intake

maintaining a health body weight

maintaining a health body weight

High Nutrient density

-cola

-orange

-Maple syrup

-Black beans

-Fat free milk

-cookies

Fat free milk

Oranges

Black beans

Low Nutrient density

-cola

-orange

-Maple syrup

-Black beans

-Fat free milk

-cookies

Cola

Cookies

Maple syrup

In the developed world, the most common type of overnutrition is

excessive iron and zinc intake

excessive dietary supplement intake

excessive calorie intake

excessive dietary fiber intake

excessive calorie intake

A WIC dietitian is meeting with a client who has an infant and a young child. The mother says that the young child is a very picky eater and will only eat crackers and juice. The health worker notices that the child's hair is brittle, his nails tear easily, and the skin inside his lower eyelids is very pale. These are all signs of ______ iron deficiency.

subclinical

Clinical

clinical

measurements of nutrients and their byproducts in the blood, urine, or feces

biochemical assessment

examination of physical appearance of skin, hair, eyes, and tongue; assessment of physical abilities

clinical assessment

measurements of body weight, height (length), circumstances, and thickness

anthropoemetric assessment

collection of data about the living conditions, education, and ability of a person to obtain healthy food

environmental assessment

estimation of typical food choices to evaluate adequacy of nutrient intake

dietary assessment

In general, a food item is considered low calorie if it has less than _____ kilocalories per serving.

40

To determine the percent of Calories that come from fat, divide the fat Calories by total Calories and multiply by 100.

True

False

True

The Nutrition Facts panel on a box of breakfast cereal shows that the product provides 45% of the Daily Value for iron. Which of the following statements is true?

One serving of cereal provides 45% of the recommended amount of iron for the general population.

One package of cereal provides 45% of the recommended amount of iron for the general population.

One serving of cereal provides 45% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for iron for adults.

One serving of cereal provides 45% of total kilocalories from iron.

One serving of cereal provides 45% of the recommended amount of iron for the general population.

A condition characterized by difficult or infrequent bowel movements is

constipation

diarrhea

heartburn

hemorrhoids

constipation

A common cause of constipation is

ocassional use of laxatives

exceeding the AI for fiber

consuming too much coffee

chronically ignoring bowel urges

chronically ignoring bowel urges

What type of medication has been especially useful for treating persistent GERD?

Proton pump inhibitor

NSAIDs

Laxatives

Antibiotics

Prroton pump inhibitor

For a person with celiac disease, exposure to dietary gluten results in damage to the

small intestine

stomach

esophagus

large intestine

small intestine

Linda has been experiencing some problems with bowel regularity. She saw a commercial for a yogurt with added probiotics that claims to aid with digestion and alleviate bowel problems. What is a probiotic?

A probiotic is a substance that stimulates bacterial growth in the large intestines.

A probiotic contains nutrient-dense bacteria that eat other bad bacteria in the stomach.

A probiotic contains specific types of bacteria that are intended to colonize the large intestine and thereby improve intestinal tract health.

A probiotic is a dietary supplement that increases fat metabolism, which in turn improves digestive health.

A probiotic contains specific types of bacteria that are intended to colonize the large intestine and thereby improve intestinal tract health.

What is the primary role of the kidneys?

The kidneys store bile

The kidneys remove waste from the body

The kidneys produce insulin and glucagon for blood sugar regulation

The kidneys produce bacteria that ferment dietary fiber

The kidneys remove waste from the body

Which of the following are useful strategies for alleviating constipation?

Take a calcium carbonate supplement

Have dried fruit and nuts as a snack after lunch instead of a candy bar

Set aside time for exercise each day

Choose a whole-grain breakfast ceral instead of one made with refined grains

Set a goal to drink water at least 6 cups of water during the work day

Ignore the urge to defecate during the work day

Have dried fruit and nuts as a snack after lunch instead of a candy bar

Set aside time for exercise each day

Choose a whole-grain breakfast ceral instead of one made with refined grains

Set a goal to drink water at least 6 cups of water during the work day

Carbohydrates are broken down into

fatty acids and glycerol

glucose

amino acids

coenzymes

glucose

Glucose, protein, glycerol, and long-chain fatty acids are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the bloodstream.

True

False

False

Secretin is released from the duodenum in response to

hydrochloric acid in chyme

sodium hydroxide in chyme

the hormone gastrin

partially digested proteins

hydrochloric acid in chyme

Gastrin functions to increase the production of HCl in the stomach.

True

False

True

Involuntary muscle contractions which move a bolus through the gastrointestinal tract are called

mastication

peristalsis

defecation

chyme

peristalsis

What organ produces bile?

Liver

Small Intestine

Pancreas

Stomach

Liver

Which of the following is the correct order for the major parts of the gastrointestinal tract?

Esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, mouth

Mouth, stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Which of the following types of bread has the highest fiber content?

2 slices of white bread

2 slices of sourdough bread

Whole wheat english muffin

White hot dog bun

Whole wheat english muffin

Which of the following sandwich ingredients is a good source of soluble fiber?

Peanut butter

Strawberry Jelly

Whole wheat English muffin

Cucumber slices

Peanut butter

The most common source of HFCS in American diets is

corn on the cob

refined grain products

sweetened soft drinks

tomato sauce

sweetened soft drinks

What type of carbohydrate is likely causing the problems that Myeshia experiences after drinking milk?

Lactose

Glucose

Galactose

Fructose

Lactose

What is the name of Myeshia's health condition?

Lactose maldigestion

Milk allergy

Galactosemia

Celiac disease

Lactose maldigestion

Myeshia experienced gastrointestinal distress when she consumed a glass of milk, but not when she ate a serving of yogurt. What is it about yogurt that makes it more tolerable than milk for people with lactose maldigestion?

Bacterial enzymes break down some of the lactose in yogurt

The latose in yogurt is bound to calcium and cannot be absorbed

The lower pH of yogurt denatures some of the lactose

Because of its solid form, yogurt is more quickly digested than milk

Bacterial enzymes break down some of the lactose in yogurt

When whole grains are refined, what part of the grain remains in the refined product?

Germ

Bran

Endosperm

Endosperm

Compared to products made with whole grains, refined grain products ______ fiber, vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats.

contain similar amounts of

are lower in

are higher in

are lower in

Mouth

produces salivary amylase

Stomach

acid inactivates carbohydrate-digesting enzymes

Small intestine

produces maltase, lactase, and sucrase

Pancreas

Produces pancreatic amylase, insulin, and glucagon

Liver

Converts most fructose and galactose to glucose

Large intestine

Houses bacteria that ferment soluable fiber

Larry is a 39-year-old male who is overweight. He is working with a registered dietitian nutritionist and she has recommended an 1,800-kcal diet for gradual weight loss. Larry wants to ensure he is obtaining enough carbohydrate to meet his energy needs. If Larry follows an 1,800-kcal diet and wants to achieve the recommended 45% to 65% of his total calories from carbohydrate, how many GRAMS of carbohydrate per day should he be eating?

203 to 293 grams of carbohydrate per day

Ketone bodies are the byproducts of partial breakdown of

fat

In a person who does not have diabetes, the release of insulin by the pancreas after a meal will cause blood sugar levels to

return to about normal

In type 1 diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because

No insulin is released

In early stages of type 2 diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because

muscle and liver cells do not respond to insulin.

The treatment for type 1 diabetes always includes

Insulin

Insulin

breaks down glucose in the blood

releases glucose from cells

allows cells to take in glucose

insulates cells from heat

prevents cells from taking in glucose

allows cells to take in glucose

Type 2 diabetes can be treated with injection of insulin.

True

Blood sugar refers to what molecule circulating in blood?

Glucose