Disorder: Treatment, Symptom

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Definition: A neurodevelopmental disorder involving persistent inattention and or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning

Symptoms: poor focus distractibility impulsivity restlessness

Treatment: stimulant or nonstimulant medications and behavioral therapy

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

def: A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication and restricted repetitive behaviors

Symptoms: limited eye contact difficulty with social cues sensory sensitivity rigid routines

TReatment: behavioral therapy speech therapy occupational therapy

Intellectual Disability

Def: A disorder involving significantly below-average intellectual functioning and impaired adaptive skills

Symptoms: difficulty with learning communication self-care

Treatment: special education and supportive services

Specific Learning Disorder

Def: A disorder involving difficulty learning academic skills despite normal intelligence

Symptoms: problems with reading writing or math

Treatment: academic accommodations and specialized instruction

Tourette’s Disorder

Def: A neurological disorder involving multiple motor and vocal tics lasting over one year

Symptoms: involuntary movements and sounds

Treatment: behavioral therapy and sometimes antipsychotic medications

Schizophrenia

Definition: A chronic psychotic disorder involving distorted thinking and perception

Symptoms: hallucinations delusions disorganized speech impaired functioning

Treatment: antipsychotic medications and psychosocial therapy

Schizoaffective Disorder

Def A disorder combining psychotic symptoms with mood disorder episodes

Symptoms: hallucinations delusions depression or mania

Treatment: antipsychotics mood stabilizers antidepressants

Delusional Disorder

Def: A psychotic disorder involving persistent false beliefs without significant functional impairment

Symptoms: fixed delusions

Treatment: antipsychotics and psychotherapy

Bipolar I Disorder

Def: A mood disorder defined by at least one manic episode

Symptoms: elevated mood decreased sleep impulsivity risky behavior

Treatment: mood stabilizers and antipsychotics

Bipolar II Disorder

Def: A mood disorder involving hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes

Symptoms: mood swings depression increased energy

Treatment: mood stabilizers and psychotherapy

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Def: A mood disorder involving persistent depressed mood and loss of interest

Symptoms: fatigue hopelessness sleep or appetite changes; Treatment: antidepressants and psychotherapy

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Def: A chronic depressive disorder lasting at least two years

Symptoms: long-term low mood low energy low self-esteem

Treatment: antidepressants and therapy

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Definition: A depressive disorder related to seasonal changes

Symptoms: low mood fatigue increased sleep winter onset

Treatment: light therapy antidepressants counseling

Postpartum Depression

Def: Major depression occurring after childbirth

Symptoms: sadness anxiety fatigue difficulty bonding

Treatment: psychotherapy and antidepressants

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Disorder involving excessive worry cosuming houses of day making it hard to concentrate and finish tasks

Symptoms: Become exhausted by worry, headaches, tensions or nausea

Panic Disorder

Anxiety disorder involving recurrent panic attacks, sudden feelings of terror

Symptoms: Chest pain, heart racing, dizziness, shortness of breath, stomach upset

Social Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety disorder involving fear of social situations

Symptoms: avoidance, sweating, trembling fear of embarrassment, not contribute in groups

Specific Phobia

Def: An anxiety disorder involving irrational fear of a specific object or situation

Symptoms: immediate fear and avoidance

Treatment: exposure therapy

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Def: A disorder involving intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors

Symptoms: obsessions compulsions anxiety relief after rituals

Treatment: SSRIs and CBT

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Def: A trauma-related disorder following exposure to trauma

Symptoms: flashbacks nightmares avoidance hyperarousal

Treatment: trauma-focused therapy and SSRIs

Acute Stress Disorder

Definition: A short-term trauma response occurring within one month

Symptoms: anxiety dissociation intrusive thoughts

Treatment: psychotherapy

Adjustment Disorder

Def: Emotional or behavioral response to a stressor

Symptoms: anxiety depression impaired functioning

Treatment: counseling and coping strategies

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Def: A dissociative disorder involving two or more identity states

Symptoms: memory gaps identity switching

Treatment: long-term psychotherapy

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Def: A disorder involving excessive focus on physical symptoms

Symptoms: health anxiety distress

Treatment: psychotherapy

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Def: Preoccupation with having a serious illness

Symptoms: excessive health worry minimal symptoms

Treatment: CBT

Anorexia Nervosa

Def: An eating disorder involving extreme food restriction and fear of weight gain

Symptoms: low body weight distorted body image

Treatment: nutritional rehabilitation and therapy

Bulimia Nervosa

Def: An eating disorder involving binge eating and purging

Symptoms: vomiting laxative use guilt

Treatment: psychotherapy and antidepressants

Binge-Eating Disorder

Definition: An eating disorder involving binge eating without purging;

Symptoms: loss of control distress

Treatment: CBT and nutritional counseling

Substance Use Disorder

Def: A pattern of substance use causing impairment

Symptoms: tolerance withdrawal continued use

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Alcohol Use Disorder

Def: Chronic problematic alcohol use

Symptoms: cravings dependence withdrawal

Opioid Use Disorder

Def: Addiction to opioids

Symptoms: cravings withdrawal tolerance

Gambling Disorder

Def: A behavioral addiction involving compulsive gambling

Symptoms: financial loss inability to stop

Treatment: CBT

Delirium

Def: An acute disturbance in attention and cognition

Symptoms: confusion fluctuating awareness

Treatment: treat underlying medical cause

Major Neurocognitive Disorder (Dementia)

Def: Significant cognitive decline affecting independence

Symptoms: memory loss impaired judgment

Treatment: supportive care and medications

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Def: A behavioral disorder involving defiant behavior toward authority

Symptoms: anger argumentativeness

Treatment: behavioral therapy

Conduct Disorder

Def: A disorder involving violation of rules and rights of others

Symptoms: aggression deceit lack of remorse

Teatment: therapy and family intervention

Borderline Personality Disorder,

Def: A personality disorder marked by emotional instability

Symptoms: fear of abandonment impulsivity unstable relationships

Treatment: dialectical behavior therapy

Narcolepsy

Def: Brain can’t control sleep; causes sudden daytime sleep attacks.
Symptoms: Falling asleep suddenly, cataplexy (muscle weakness), hallucinations, trouble staying awake.
Treatment: Medications (stimulants, antidepressants), scheduled naps, good sleep habits, counseling/support.

Dyskinesia

Def: A movement problem where your muscles move too much or in weird ways that you don’t want.
Symptoms: Twitching, jerking, writhing movements, shaky or uncontrollable motions.
Treatment: Adjusting medications that cause it (like Parkinson’s meds), physical therapy, sometimes surgery.

Epilepsy

Definition: A brain disorder where nerve cells fire too much or at the wrong time, causing seizures.
Symptoms: Seizures, confusion, staring, loss of consciousness, unusual sensations or behaviors.
Treatment: Medications (antiepileptics like valproate, levetiracetam), lifestyle changes (sleep, stress management), sometimes surgery or devices like a vagus nerve stimulator.

Korsakoff syndrome

Chronic memory disorder caused by severe thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, usually related to long-term alcohol abuse.