3a. Plasma lipoproteins
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34 Terms
Which lipids are present in blood plasma?
Cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and free fatty acids.
In which forms is cholesterol present in plasma?
Esterified and non-esterified cholesterol.
Why are lipoproteins needed?
Because most lipids are insoluble in water and need transport in plasma.
How are free fatty acids transported in plasma?
Bound to albumin.
What are lipoproteins?
Complex particles that transport lipids in blood plasma.
What is found in the core of lipoproteins?
Triglycerides and cholesterol esters.
What is found on the surface of lipoproteins?
Phospholipids, free cholesterol, and apolipoproteins.
What are apolipoproteins?
Protein components of lipoproteins important for structure, enzyme activation, and receptor binding.
How are plasma lipoproteins classified?
By density and electrophoretic mobility.
Which method classifies lipoproteins by density?
Ultracentrifugation.
What are the main lipoproteins by density?
Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL.
Which lipoprotein has the lowest density?
Chylomicrons.
Which lipoprotein has the highest density?
HDL.
What is the density of chylomicrons?
Less than 0.95 g/mL.
What is the density of VLDL?
0.95–1.006 g/mL.
What is the density of IDL?
1.006–1.019 g/mL.
What is the density of LDL?
1.019–1.063 g/mL.
What is the density of HDL?
1.063–1.210 g/mL.
What is the general relation between protein content and density?
More protein means higher density.
Which lipoprotein is richest in triglycerides?
Chylomicrons.
Which lipoprotein contains about 90% triglycerides?
Chylomicrons.
Which lipoprotein is also triglyceride-rich but less than chylomicrons?
VLDL.
Which lipoprotein is richest in cholesterol?
LDL.
Which lipoprotein contains about 45% cholesterol?
LDL.
Which lipoprotein is richest in protein?
HDL.
Which lipoprotein contains about 50% protein?
HDL.
What are α-lipoproteins?
HDL particles.
What are pre-β-lipoproteins?
VLDL particles.
What are β-lipoproteins?
LDL particles.
Where does IDL appear on electrophoresis?
As a broad band between β- and pre-β-lipoproteins.
Where do chylomicrons remain during electrophoresis?
At the starting point.
Which lipoproteins are atherogenic?
LDL and remnants.
Which lipoprotein is protective against atherosclerosis?
HDL.
What are the four main lipid status parameters?
Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol.