Possible Questions on the Exam

Uconn HDFS 2100 - Spring '24 Exam

The five main characteristics of the pre operational stage

1. Symbolic representation

2. Lack of conservation

3. Egocentrism

4. Centration

5. Magical Thinking

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural theory emphasizes the importance of…

…social interactions, cultural context, and language in shaping cognitive development, particularly during early childhood

The five tenants of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory

1. Zone of proximal development

2. Scaffolding

3. Cultural tools

4. Private speech

5. cultural context

Four facets of forming a “self-concept”

1. Attributes

2. Abilities

3. Attitudes

4. Values

the four parenting styles

1. Authoritative - high acceptance, high involvement, adaptive control

2. Authoritarian - low acceptance, low involvement, high control

3. Permissive - high acceptance, low involvement, low control

4. Uninvolved - low acceptance, low involvement, low control

the six ways culture can affect parenting style

1. Cultural beliefs and values

2. parental role expectations

3. communication patterns

4. socialization patterns

5. family structure and dynamics

6. economic and sociopolitical factors

The seven components of physical growth in middle childhood

1. steady physical growth

2. motor skill refinement

3. physical fitness

4. changes in body composition

5. health and nutrition

6. sleep patterns

7. hygiene and safety practices

Benefits of participation in youth sports

1. promotes healthy habits

2. fosters social skills and teamwork

3 memory strategies

1. Chunking

2. Association

3. Repetition

One type of play in early childhood

Cooperative play - oriented toward a common goal

Three aspects involved in spatial reasoning

1. Mental rotation

2. Spatial awareness

3. Visualization

Five aspects of executive function developing in middle childhood

1. improved planning and organization

2. enhanced problem-solving skills

3. enhanced working memory

4. better inhibition and self-control

5. Increased attention and concentration

Five developmental milestones of cognitive self-regulation in middle childhood

1. goal setting and planning

2. monitoring and evaluation

3. emotional regulation

4. impulse control

5. flexibility and adaptability

Six key milestones of moral development in middle childhood

1. Understanding rules and consequences

2. developing empathy and perspective-taking

3. learning moral values and principles

4. social comparison and peer influence

5. developing moral reasoning

6. internalizing moral standards

The five categories of children

1. Popular

2. Rejected

3. Controversial

4. Neglected

5. Average

Six ways sibling relationships develop in middle childhood

1. increased interaction and cooperation

2. sibling rivalry and conflict

3. emergence of social comparison

4. support and companionship

5. development of sibling relationships

6. influence of parenting and family dynamics

Four areas of self-esteem

1. academic competence

2. social competence

3. physical/athletic competence

4. physical appearance

Primary sexual characteristics

directly involve reproductive organs

secondary sexual characteristics

visible and serve as additional signs of sexual maturity

Male gonads are called ______, and produce ________.

Testes, testosterone

Female gonads are called ______, and produce ________ and _________.

Ovaries, estrogen, progesterone

Eight components of physical development in emerging adolescence

1. Puberty

2. Growth spurt

3. Changes in body composition

4. sexual development

5. changes in reproductive organs

6. brain development

7. emotional and psychological changes

8. conclusion of growth

Seven main concepts of Formal Operational Stage

1. Abstract thinking

2. Logical reasoning

3. Propositional thought

4. Hypothetical deductive reasoning

5. Egocentrism declines

6. Metacognition

7. Moral reasoning development

Kholberg’s theory of moral development…

explains how people develop their senses of right and wrong as they grow up in three levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional

Five phases of emerging adulthood

1. Identity exploration

2. Instability

3. Self-focus

4. Feeling in-between

5. Possibilities