USH Ch. 2 Flashcard Set

^CH.2 Who gave England the first printed English New Testament?

^CH.2 William Tyndale

^CH.2 What king broke England away from the Roman Church?

^CH.2 Henry VIII

^CH.2 Explain how the Reformation spiritually prepared the English people to colonize the New World

^CH.2 The reformation brought in religious freedom and better Bible access, which in turn resulted in values that trickled into the political, social, and economical structures of the future colonies

^CH.2 Who was the first modern explorer to reach the mainland of North America?

^CH.2 John Cabot

^CH.2 Why was Sir Martin Frobisher sent to the New World?

^CH.2 He was sent to search for the Northwest Passage (in order to break Spain’s monopoly in overseas trade)

^CH.2 Discuss the three freedoms that motivated Englishmen to colonize the New World

^CH.2

• Religious freedom

  • Dissenters had a desire to worship freely from the Church of England

• Political freedom

  • Power grabs and a civil war pushed Many Englishmen to immigrate to America

• Economic freedom

  • Price increases drove Englishmen to immigrate

^CH.2 Who was the first Englishman to sail around the world?

^CH.2 Sir Francis Drake

^CH.2 Name the three groups involved in English colonization

^CH.2

• Monarchs

• Businessmen

• Settlers

^CH.2 Who was the first English child born in the present-day United States?

^CH.2 Virginia Dare

^CH.2 Name the two companies that received charters to colonize Virginia

^CH.2

• The London Company

• The Plymouth Company

^CH.2 What was the first permanent English settlement in the New world?

^CH.2 Jamestown

^CH.2 Why did the common-store system fail?

^CH.2 Because everyone would benefit from the common storehouse, there was little incentive to contribute. Thus, the food supply quickly depleted

^CH.2 Who saved Jamestown from failure in her early days?

^CH.2 John Smith

^CH.2 How did John Smith save Jamestown from failure in her early days?

^CH.2 He implemented a policy based on the biblical principle that any who would not work should not eat

^CH.2 What type of colony was owned and controlled directly by the king?

^CH.2 A royal colony

^CH.2 What representative body in Virginia acted as an advisory body to the governor?

^CH.2 The House of Burgesses

^CH.2 What is congregationalism?

^CH.2 Belief that states that every body of believers should be independent and self-governing

^CH.2 Who led part of the Scrooby congregation to Leyden, Holland?

^CH.2 Pastor John Robinson

^CH.2 What name was given to the group of English businessmen who agreed to finance the Pilgrims’ expedition to the New World?

^CH.2 The Adventurers

^CH.2 Name the first governor of the Plymouth colony

^CH.2 John Carver

^CH.2 Who wrote History of Plymouth Plantation?

^CH.2 William Bradford

^CH.2 How did the free enterprise system save Jamestown and Plymouth from early failure?

^CH.2 The free enterprise system encouraged every one to work for his own food. This not only prevented the colonies from starving, but also created a spirit of diligence and hard-work

^CH.2 What legislative body did the Pilgrims establish to

• pass laws

• carry out provisions of the law

• judge cases arising under the law

^CH.2 The General Court

^CH.2 Explain the precedents that the Pilgrims set for religious and political freedom

^CH.2

• Political

  • They developed a representative democracy

• Religious

  • They had no established churches

^CH.2 What English king vowed to rule without Parliament?

^CH.2 Charles I

^CH.2 What company provided the Puritans with an opportunity to find religious freedom in America?

^CH.2 The Massachusetts Bay Company

^CH.2 Who made up the General Court?

^CH.2 Freemen

^CH.2 What major error did the puritans make concerning church and state?

^CH.2 They gave the church control over political affairs

^CH.2 What was considered to be the first written constitution in America?

^CH.2 The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

^CH.2 Name the first settlement in Rhode Island

^CH.2 Providence

^CH.2 What book did Roger Williams publish about the Native American language?

^CH.2 Key into the Language of America

^CH.2 Contrast the relationship between church and state in the colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Rhode Island

^CH.2

• Massachusetts Bay

  • Church and state were mixed

• Rhode Island

  • Church and state were separate

^CH.2 What denomination played a large role in the establishment of Rhode Island and her system of government?

^CH.2 Baptist

^CH.2 What colonies were included in the New England Confederation?

^CH.2

• Massachusetts Bay

• Plymouth

• Connecticut

• New Haven

^CH.2 What was the greatest triumph of the New England Confederation?

^CH.2 Winning King Philip’s War

^CH.2 Name the organization under which the New England colonies, New York, and New Jersey were united in the 1680s

^CH.2 The Dominion of New England

^CH.2 What colony was founded as a haven for English Catholics?

^CH.2 Maryland

^CH.2 Who become the first governor of Maryland?

^CH.2 Leonard Calvert

^CH.2 What act in Maryland granted freedom of worship to anyone professing to be a Christian?

^CH.2 The Toleration Act

^CH.2 Explain why the Grand Model plan for a feudal system in Carolina was doomed to fail

^CH.2

1. Carolina did not have enough settlers to put the scheme into operation

2. Feudalism was based upon scarcity of land, but land in America was Abundant

3. Social class in America was judged by accomplishment, not by birth, like in Europe

^CH.2 Who acted as agent in the purchase of Manhattan Island from Native Americans?

^CH.2 Peter Minuit

^CH.2 How did New Netherland become New York?

^CH.2 New Netherland was transferred to the control of the Duke of York (James II) (Charles II’s brother). The colony was renamed after him

^CH.2 How did the land of Pennsylvania receive her name?

^CH.2 The land was originally called Sylvania but was renamed to Pennsylvania in honor of Penn’s father

^CH.2 What does Philadelphia mean?

^CH.2 “City of brotherly love”

^CH.2 How was Georgia unusual?

^CH.2

1. She was settled much later than the other colonies

2. Georgia was not settled for profit but as a benevolent undertaking

^CH.2 Who founded Georgia?

^CH.2 James Oglethorpe

^CH.2 When was Georgia founded?

^CH.2 1733

^CH.2 Who was John Wycliffe?

^CH.2

• Englishman who exposed the false doctrines of the Roman church

• Translated the entire Bible into English for the first time

^CH.2 Who was William Tyndale?

^CH.2

• Gave England the first printed English New TEstament

^CH.2 Who was John Cabot?

^CH.2 He explored the eastern coast of North America

^CH.2 Who was Sir Martin Frobisher?

^CH.2 He led a search for the Northwest Passage

^CH.2 Who was Sir Francis Drake?

^CH.2 He was the first Englishman to sail around the world

^CH.2 Who was Sir Walter Raleigh?

^CH.2

• Explored and named Virginia

• Sent John White to setup Roanoke

^CH.2 Who was Virginia Dare?

^CH.2 The first English Child born in the present-day United States

^CH.2 Who was John Smith?

^CH.2 Captain who saved Jamestown from destruction by establishing the principle that any who would not work should not eat

^CH.2 Who was John Rolfe?

^CH.2 Virginian who

• Married Pocahontas

• Taught the Virginian colonists how to grow tabacco

^CH.2 Who was Sir Edwin Sandys?

^CH.2 Helped the Pilgrims secure a patent to settle in the New World (Virginia)

^CH.2 Who was William Brewster?

^CH.2 The Pilgrim’s pastor

^CH.2 Who was John Carver?

^CH.2 The first governor of Plymouth

^CH.2 Who was William Bradford?

^CH.2 The author of History of Plymouth Plantation

^CH.2 Who was John Alden?

^CH.2 He held various political offices in the colony

^CH.2 Who was John Winthrop?

^CH.2 The first governor of Massachusetts (bay colony)

^CH.2 Who was Thomas Hooker?

^CH.2 Founder of Connecticut

^CH.2 Who was Roger Williams?

^CH.2 Founder of Rhode Island. He founded Providence

^CH.2 Who was Sir Edmund Andros?

^CH.2 Royal governor over the Dominion of New England

^CH.2 Who was George Calvert?

^CH.2 The first Lord Baltimore

^CH.2 Who was Cecilius Calvert?

^CH.2

• The second Lord Baltimore

• Carried out the colonization of Maryland

^CH.2 Who was Leonard Calvert?

^CH.2 The first governor of Marylan

^CH.2 Who was Henry Hudson?

^CH.2 English sea captain who explored the Hudson and Delaware River for the Dutch East India Company

^CH.2 Who was Peter Minuit?

^CH.2 He purchased the Manhattan Island from Native Americans on behalf of the Dutch East India Company

^CH.2 Who was Peter Stuyvesant?

^CH.2 Dutch governor (New Netherland) who almost brought the colony into war against Britain

^CH.2 Who was James II?

^CH.2

• AKA Duke of York

• When he became king, New York became a royal colony

^CH.2 Who were Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley?

^CH.2 The founders of New Jersey

^CH.2 Who was William Penn?

^CH.2 The founder of Pennslyvania

^CH.2 Who was James Oglethorpe?

^CH.2 The founder of Georgia

^CH.2 What was the Magna Carta?

^CH.2

• Means “Great Charter”

• Guaranteed certain freedoms and created a more permanent representative counci

^CH.2 What was the divine right of kings?

^CH.2 The theory that kings have the right to rule absolutely and without criticism because they are chosen by God

^CH.2 What was the Enclosure Movement?

^CH.2 Situation in which many crop farmers became debtors due to being evicted by their land owners who began to enclose their land in order to farm sheep

^CH.2 What was the common-store system?

^CH.2 Communal system in which each person was required to place his labor in a common storehouse, and each person was entitled to receive food supplies according to his needs

^CH.2 What was the starving time?

^CH.2 Nickname for the winter of 1609-161. At the end of this winter, only 60 out of the several hundred colonists survived

^CH.2 What were indentured servants?

^CH.2 One whose passage to America was paid, and in return, would work without pay for an agreed-upon period of time

^CH.2 What are precedents?

^CH.2 Happenings that serve as example

^CH.2 What was the House of Burgesses?

^CH.2

• Assembly which acted as advisory body to the governor of the colony

• Set an important precedent for representative government in early America

^CH.2 What was Bacon’s Rebellion?

^CH.2

• Situation in which Nathaniel bacon led a militia against hostile Native Americans and then against Jamestown, burning the settlement down

• Indicated that Americans expected their governments to protect all citizens

^CH.2 What was the Council for New England?

^CH.2

• The name of the reorganized Plymouth Company

• Made futile attempts to establish colonies in Maine and New Hampshire

^CH.2 Who were the Adventurers?

^CH.2 People who agreed to finance the Pilgrim’s expedition to the New World

^CH.2 Who were the Strangers?

^CH.2 Those aboard the Mayflower who were non-Separatists

^CH.2 What was the Mayflower Compact?

^CH.2 Document written and signed by the Pilgrims which establish a political body that recognized the need for

• Rules

• Laws

• Organization for the good of the people

^CH.2 What is the History of Plymouth Plantation?

^CH.2 The first American history book

^CH.2 What was the General Court?

^CH.2 Democratic legislative body which met periodically to

• Pass laws

• Carry out provisions of the law

• Judge cases

^CH.2 What was the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

^CH.2 The colony established by the Massachusetts Bay company

^CH.2 What is the Puritan work ethic?

^CH.2 The belief that work is a gift from God and way to glorify him

^CH.2 What was the Dominion of New England?

^CH.2 The union of the New England Colonies with New York and New Jersey by Charles II and James II

^CH.2 What was the Toleration Act?

^CH.2 Act passed in Maryland that granted freedom of worship[ to anyone professing to be Christian

^CH.2 What was the Grand Model?

^CH.2 Plan that intended to divide the land and political power among the American settlers on the basis of an elaborate social order.

• Basically a plan to implement feudalism in North America

^CH.2 Who were the Quakers?

^CH.2

• Aka the Society of Friends

• Religious dissenters who believed that each man should follow his “inner light,” worshiping God from the heart

^CH.2 What is the significance of Newfoundland?

^CH.2 England’s first and only solid claim to territory in the New World

^CH.2 What is the significance of Nova Albion?

^CH.2 An English claim on the New World’s Pacific Coast by Sir Francis Drake

^CH.2 What is the significance of Roanoke?

^CH.2

^CH.2 What is the significance of Leyden?

^CH.2