Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions (CPAR) Reviewer

Vocabulary flashcards covering the concepts, historical periods, elements, principles, regional art forms, awardees, and contemporary techniques in Philippine arts.

CPAR

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions; a subject studying modern Filipino artistic expressions across Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, exploring cultural identity, traditions, innovation, heritage, and society.

Contemporary Art

Art created from the 1970s to the present that reflects current issues, culture, and society using diverse materials, techniques, experimentation, and innovation.

Integrative Art

Art that combines multiple art forms into one work, such as musical theater, opera, and multimedia installations, to create richer artistic experiences.

Pre-Colonial Period Art

Functional, spiritual, and regionally diverse indigenous Filipino art, including weaving, pottery, jewelry-making, tattoo art, epics, chants, and folk songs.

Spanish Colonial Period (1565–1898)

An era that introduced Catholic religious art, church architecture, and religious-themed paintings, which Filipino artists adapted by blending indigenous techniques and materials.

American Period (1898–1946)

An era marked by the introduction of Western art education through formal institutions, leading to secular themes, portraiture, landscapes, and scenes of everyday life.

Japanese Occupation (1942–1945)

A period of limited artistic production characterized by state propaganda art and underground resistance art preserving Filipino identity.

Line

An element of art defined as a mark made by a moving point, creating direction, movement, and visual energy.

Shape

An element of art representing a 2D enclosed area, such as circles, squares, and triangles.

Form

An element of art representing a 3D object with volume, such as spheres, cubes, and pyramids.

Color

An element of art created by hue, intensity, and temperature.

Value

An element of art referring to the lightness or darkness of a color, used to create contrast, depth, mood, and emphasis.

Texture

An element of art describing how a surface looks or feels (rough, smooth, soft, or hard).

Space

An element of art referring to the area around, between, or within objects.

Balance

A principle of art that distributes visual weight in symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial arrangements to create stability and order.

Emphasis

A principle of art that creates a focal point or center of interest using size, color, placement, or detail.

Contrast

A principle of art that highlights differences between elements, such as light and dark, rough and smooth, or large and small.

Rhythm

A principle of art involving the repetition of visual elements to create flow and visual tempo.

Movement

A principle of art representing the path the viewer's eye follows through directional lines, repeated forms, contrast, and placement.

Pattern

A repeated element or motif that creates a recognizable design, often used in Philippine textiles and indigenous artwork.

Unity

A principle of art where all parts work together as one cohesive whole.

Proportion

A principle of art dealing with the size relationship between different parts of an artwork.

Harmony

A principle of art achieved through a pleasing arrangement of related colors, forms, and textures.

Elements of Art

The visual building blocks used by artists to create work: Line, Shape, Form, Color, Value, Texture, and Space.

Principles of Art

Guidelines used for arranging the elements of art: Balance, Emphasis, Contrast, Rhythm, Movement, Pattern, Unity, Proportion, and Harmony.

T'nalak

A sacred abaca-based cloth woven by the T'boli people of Mindanao.

Okir

Flowing curvilinear designs associated with Maranao and Maguindanao art.

Inabel

An Ilocano handwoven textile known for its detailed patterns (also known as Abel Iloco).

Hablon

A Hiligaynon handwoven fabric from the Visayas.

Kulintang

A Mindanao gong ensemble music performed in traditional cultural communities.

National Artist of the Philippines

The country's highest recognition for Filipino artists, awarded through the NCCA and CCP to honor significant contributions to Philippine arts and culture across modern and contemporary disciplines.

GAMABA

Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (National Living Treasures Award), created through RA 7355 in 1992 to recognize master traditional artists preserving indigenous knowledge and living heritage.

Lang Dulay

A 1998 GAMABA awardee recognized for T'boli T'nalak weaving.

Salinta Monon

A 1998 GAMABA awardee recognized for Bagobo ikat weaving.

Teofilo Garcia

A 2012 GAMABA awardee recognized for Ilocano Tabungaw hat-making.

Uwang Ahadas

A 2000 GAMABA awardee recognized for Yakan traditional music and chants.

Samaon Sulaiman

A 1993 GAMABA awardee recognized for Maguindanao kulintang music.

Masino Intaray

A 1993 GAMABA awardee recognized for Palawan music, oral traditions, and epics.

Federico Caballero

A 2000 GAMABA awardee recognized for Panay-Bukidnon Sugidanon epics.

Installation Art

A contemporary technique that creates site-specific, immersive environments.

Performance Art

A contemporary technique in which the artist's body and actions serve as the primary medium.

Mixed Media

An artwork created by combining different artistic materials into one piece.

Assemblage

A three-dimensional composition created from found objects.

Collage

A two-dimensional composition constructed from varied materials.

Digital Art

Artwork made through computer-generated or digitally manipulated imagery.

Video Art

An artistic medium utilizing moving images.

Multimedia

An art technique that incorporates two or more media types.