module 6

unicellular

archaea bacteria

multicellular

animals plants fungi

eukaryotic

have nucleus

prokaryotic

no nucleus

light microscope

uses visible light to magnify specimens

electron microscope

uses a beam of electron for higher magnification and resolution

cell fractionation

technique to separate cellular components using a centrifuge

nucleus

contains most of the cell’s genes

nuclear envelope

double membrane enclosing the nucleus

ribosomes

responsible for protein synthesis

endomembrane system

Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions.

endoplasmic reticulum

Accounts for over half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells

scanning electron microscope

views surface details

transmission electron microscope

views internal structure

smooth er

no ribosomes

rough er

has ribosomes

golgi apparatus

receives transport vesicles from rough er

lysosomes

digest macromolecules

vacuoles

Large vesicles with various functions

food vacuoles

Formed by phagocytosis.

contractile vacuoles

Pump excess water out of protist cells

central vacuoles

Found in plant cells, store water and organic compounds.

mitochondria

Sites of cellular respiration.

chloroplast

Sites of photosynthesis.

peroxisomes

Produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it into water.

cytoskeleton

Network of fibers throughout the cytoplasm. Provides mechanical support to the cell.

Microtubules

Shape the cell. ○ Guide organelle movement.

microfilaments

Built from actin protein. ○ Involved in cell motility

intermediate filaments

Support cell shape. ○ Fix organelles in place.

plasmodesmata

Channels perforating plant cell walls, allowing communication

Tight junctions

Form seals between cells, preventing fluid leakage

desmosomes

Anchoring junctions, provide strong adhesion

gap junctions

Communicating junctions, allow passage of small molecules.