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Hypoglycemia in newborns is defined as a blood glucose level <_________ in the first 4 hours of life.
40 mg/dL
Newborns are at risk for hypoglycemia when they are infants of ________ mothers.
diabetic
A blood glucose level of ___________ or lower after the first 4 hours of life indicates hypoglycemia.
45 mg/dL
Common symptoms of hypoglycemia include jitteriness, irritability, hypothermia, and __________.
poor feeding
In treating hypoglycemia, newborns should receive __________ or formula feeding as an immediate intervention.
breastfeeding
Hyperbilirubinemia refers to increased levels of __________ in the baby’s blood.
bilirubin
Physiologic jaundice typically occurs _________ days after birth.
1-7
Pathologic jaundice occurs when total bilirubin levels increase greater than __________ mg/dL/day within the first 24 hours.
5
The two forms of bilirubin are unconjugated (indirect) and __________ (direct).
conjugated
The primary cause of physiologic jaundice is __________ liver function and shortened RBC lifespan.
immature
_______ is a treatment option for hyperbilirubinemia in newborns.
Phototherapy
When assessing for jaundice, nurses should monitor the skin and __________ for yellow color.
sclerae
The primary risk factors for transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) include cesarean birth and prolonged __________.
labor
Meconium aspiration syndrome is characterized by the inhalation of __________-filled amniotic fluid.
meconium
Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome include growth restriction, craniofacial anomalies, and __________ abnormality.
CNS
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) symptoms begin within _________ after birth.
48-72 hours
Early feeding is crucial in the management of __________ to prevent hypoglycemia.
newborns
For high-risk newborns, the glucose monitoring protocol requires at least ________ good readings in a row upon testing.
2
Symptoms of neonatal sepsis may include temperature instability and __________.
tachycardia
The first form of bilirubin that is fat soluble and toxic to body tissues is called __________ bilirubin.
unconjugated
The treatment for pathologic jaundice may include phototherapy and possibly __________ transfusion or IVIG infusion.
exchange
Pathologic jaundice may reach toxic bilirubin levels above __________ mg/dL.
20
Assessment for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) includes signs such as tachypnea and __________ breathing.
shallow
The main cause of respiratory distress syndrome is lung immaturity and lack of __________.
surfactant
The risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is increased from prolonged use of __________ ventilation.
mechanical
Therapeutic hypothermia is a treatment for __________ ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
hypoxic
In cases of NAS, excessive __________ may indicate withdrawal.
crying
Brain injury associated with poor oxygen delivery during birth is referred to as __________ ischemic encephalopathy.
hypoxic
Maternal characteristics contributing to NAS include substance use, especially __________, nicotine, and marijuana.
opioids
An important factor in assessing jaundice in newborns is daily testing via ________ bilirubin or serum bilirubin.
transcutaneous
Newborns may experience symptoms of overheating, such as _________ or perspiration, during phototherapy.
sweating
The assessment scale for neonatal withdrawal symptoms is known as the __________ Finnegan score.
Modified
Neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy may show symptoms such as impaired __________ development.
neurological
Maternal diabetes and preterm birth are risk factors for __________ distress syndrome.
respiratory
Neonatal sepsis can be caused by congenital infections, maternal infections, and prolonged __________.
ROM
A normal bilirubin level for a newborn should be below __________ mg/dL.
3-5
Bilirubin is processed in the liver and transformed from unconjugated to __________ bilirubin.
conjugated
In treating NAS, a calm approach and __________ care are important.
supportive
Signs of respiratory distress in newborns may include nasal __________ and retractions.
flaring
Frequent __________ assessments are crucial for newborns who are at risk for hypoglycemia.
blood glucose
Neonatal infections due to TORCH pathogens include toxoplasmosis and ________ infections.
rubella
Common newborn complications can be categorized into acquired conditions and ________ conditions.
congenital
Neonatal jaundice arises from the imbalance between bilirubin production and elimination due to an _________ liver.
immature
Effective management of newborns with substance use disorder includes promoting __________ interactions.
parent-newborn