Newborn Complications 1 MCN Notes

Hypoglycemia in newborns is defined as a blood glucose level

40 mg/dL

Newborns are at risk for hypoglycemia when they are infants of ________ mothers.

diabetic

A blood glucose level of ___________ or lower after the first 4 hours of life indicates hypoglycemia.

45 mg/dL

Common symptoms of hypoglycemia include jitteriness, irritability, hypothermia, and __________.

poor feeding

In treating hypoglycemia, newborns should receive __________ or formula feeding as an immediate intervention.

breastfeeding

Hyperbilirubinemia refers to increased levels of __________ in the baby’s blood.

bilirubin

Physiologic jaundice typically occurs _________ days after birth.

1-7

Pathologic jaundice occurs when total bilirubin levels increase greater than __________ mg/dL/day within the first 24 hours.

5

The two forms of bilirubin are unconjugated (indirect) and __________ (direct).

conjugated

The primary cause of physiologic jaundice is __________ liver function and shortened RBC lifespan.

immature

_______ is a treatment option for hyperbilirubinemia in newborns.

Phototherapy

When assessing for jaundice, nurses should monitor the skin and __________ for yellow color.

sclerae

The primary risk factors for transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) include cesarean birth and prolonged __________.

labor

Meconium aspiration syndrome is characterized by the inhalation of __________-filled amniotic fluid.

meconium

Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome include growth restriction, craniofacial anomalies, and __________ abnormality.

CNS

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) symptoms begin within _________ after birth.

48-72 hours

Early feeding is crucial in the management of __________ to prevent hypoglycemia.

newborns

For high-risk newborns, the glucose monitoring protocol requires at least ________ good readings in a row upon testing.

2

Symptoms of neonatal sepsis may include temperature instability and __________.

tachycardia

The first form of bilirubin that is fat soluble and toxic to body tissues is called __________ bilirubin.

unconjugated

The treatment for pathologic jaundice may include phototherapy and possibly __________ transfusion or IVIG infusion.

exchange

Pathologic jaundice may reach toxic bilirubin levels above __________ mg/dL.

20

Assessment for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) includes signs such as tachypnea and __________ breathing.

shallow

The main cause of respiratory distress syndrome is lung immaturity and lack of __________.

surfactant

The risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is increased from prolonged use of __________ ventilation.

mechanical

Therapeutic hypothermia is a treatment for __________ ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

hypoxic

In cases of NAS, excessive __________ may indicate withdrawal.

crying

Brain injury associated with poor oxygen delivery during birth is referred to as __________ ischemic encephalopathy.

hypoxic

Maternal characteristics contributing to NAS include substance use, especially __________, nicotine, and marijuana.

opioids

An important factor in assessing jaundice in newborns is daily testing via ________ bilirubin or serum bilirubin.

transcutaneous

Newborns may experience symptoms of overheating, such as _________ or perspiration, during phototherapy.

sweating

The assessment scale for neonatal withdrawal symptoms is known as the __________ Finnegan score.

Modified

Neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy may show symptoms such as impaired __________ development.

neurological

Maternal diabetes and preterm birth are risk factors for __________ distress syndrome.

respiratory

Neonatal sepsis can be caused by congenital infections, maternal infections, and prolonged __________.

ROM

A normal bilirubin level for a newborn should be below __________ mg/dL.

3-5

Bilirubin is processed in the liver and transformed from unconjugated to __________ bilirubin.

conjugated

In treating NAS, a calm approach and __________ care are important.

supportive

Signs of respiratory distress in newborns may include nasal __________ and retractions.

flaring

Frequent __________ assessments are crucial for newborns who are at risk for hypoglycemia.

blood glucose

Neonatal infections due to TORCH pathogens include toxoplasmosis and ________ infections.

rubella

Common newborn complications can be categorized into acquired conditions and ________ conditions.

congenital

Neonatal jaundice arises from the imbalance between bilirubin production and elimination due to an _________ liver.

immature

Effective management of newborns with substance use disorder includes promoting __________ interactions.

parent-newborn