Psychological Statistics

Psych Stats (Module 1)

Statistics

Branch of science that deals with collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data. (COPAI)

Descriptive Statistics

Used to organize, summarize, and describe a particular set of measurements.

Inferential Statistics

Use data gathered from samples to make inferences or generate conclusions about the larger population from which the sample is drawn.

Research

Procedure for carefully finding accurate solutions to important and relevant questions by the use of scientific methods of gathering and interpreting information.

Quantitative Research

Numerical characteristics calculated for a set of data. 

Central Tendency

General characteristics of the group (mean, median, mode)

Variance (Variability of the Group)

How individual members vary from average characteristics of the group.

Difference within the Group/Difference between the Group 

Whether or not subgroups of the group or two separate groups being studied are different or similar on certain traits investigated. 

Measurement

Assigning numbers to observations or observed characteristics. 

Scales of Measurement

Ways numbers are defined and categorized. Each has certain properties which determines the appropriateness for use of certain statistical analysis. 

Nominal Scale

Numbers indicating categories for classification/identification only. No indication of order.

Ordinal Sclae

Possess rank order characteristics, numbers serve as codes but assigned in consecutive order, indicating degree of level

Interval Scale

Represents quantity, has equal units.and absolute zero is not considered 

Ratio Scale

Most informative scale, allowing comparison of intervals or difference, and has true or absolute zero point