INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM AND BODY TEMPERATURE

Most heat loss is due to:

the secretion of sweat.

Who or what is covered with vernix caseosa?

A fetus

Poorly oxygenated blood has a blueish tinge and causes a condition known as

cyanosis.

What is the name of the thickening of the epidermis that develops in response to constant pressure or irritation?

Callus

Which of the following is least true of the epidermis?

Sits on the subcutaneous layer.

What is the structure in this description: The cells are continuously dividing, pushing older cells toward the surface of the cutaneous membrane?

Stratum germinativum

Ceruminous glands secrete:

wax in the outer ear.

When exposed to the ultraviolet radiation of sunlight, melanocytes:

secrete more melanin.

Eccrine glands:

are sweat glands.

Sudoriferous glands:

are sweat glands, participate in temperature regulation, and include the eccrine and apocrine glands (all is applicable)

The hair follicle is:

composed of epithelial cells.

Which gland is most likely to develop a blackhead or pimple?

Sebaceous

Hemorrhaging diminishes the amount of oxygenated blood delivered to the fingers and can cause the nails to appear:

bluish.

The normal body temperature:

is maintained through thermoregulatory mechanisms.

Perspiration can be classified as:

sensible and insensible.

Which of the following describes exfoliation and desquamation?

The sloughing off by the stratum corneum of dead cells

Which of the following is descriptive of the epidermal layer?

It is nourished by blood vessels in the dermal layer.

Which action is most likely to lower body temperature?

Vasodilation

Anticancer drugs often cause hair loss, a condition called:

alopecia.

The stratum germinativum is:

mitotically active.

Shivering:

produces heat

Which of the following substances makes the skin water resistant?

Keratin

Which of the following occurs as a result of the secretion of fetal sebaceous glands?

The fetus is covered by vernix caseosa.

Radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation are terms that are concerned with:

heat loss.

Rectal temperature is:

a measurement of core temperature.

The hypothalamus:

body’s thermostat, can be affected by pyrogens and is involved in thermoregulation (all is applicable)

To lose heat, flushing is generally accompanied by:

activation of the eccrine glands.

The layer that insulates the body from extreme temperature changes in the external environment is the:

subcutaneous layer.

Drugs can be placed on the surface of the skin and absorbed ________________ to achieve a systemic effect.

transdermally

Which glands are most responsible for body odor?

Apocrine

Which word is most descriptive of sudoriferous?

Sweat

The subcutaneous layer:

two of the above

Apocrine glands:

become active at puberty, are exocrine glands, and are found primarily in the axillary and genital areas

Which of the following is least descriptive of the dermal layer?

It is nourished by blood vessels in the epidermal layer.

Which type of gland secretes vernix caseosa in the fetus?

Sebaceous

Which of the following is a consequence of a congenital absence of eccrine glands?

Inability to regulate body temperature

The name of the yellow pigment found in skin is:

carotene.

Both the mammary glands and ceruminous glands:

are modified sweat glands.

Which of the following is a true statement about hirsutism?

It may occur in response to abnormal secretion of hormones such as steroids.

What is the result of the contraction of the arrector pili muscles?

Goosebumps

Which of the following is true of sebaceous glands?

They are exocrine glands.

The hypodermis:

is also called the subcutaneous layer.

A person feels warmer on a humid day because:

the decrease in evaporation of water from the skin surface decreases the loss of heat.

If the blood vessels of the skin dilate, the person appears:

flushed.

Hives are called:

urticaria.

Which of the following is associated with the conservation of heat?

Blood vessels constrict.

With aging, the hair becomes gray and then white as:

melanocytes become less active.

Melanocytes:

secrete a tanning pigment in response to exposure to sunlight.

Which of the following has the poorest prognosis (expected outcome)?

Melanoma

A person sweats and becomes flushed while exercising to:

lose heat.

Dander and dandruff are:

composed of dead skin cells.

Which of the following structures is avascular?

Epidermis

The use of a cooling blanket lowers body temperature through:

conduction.

Which of the following lies on the subcutaneous layer?

Dermis

Brown fat is found in the fetus and neonate and is concerned with:

regulation of fetal and neonatal blood glucose.

Vernix caseosa is:

a cream cheese-like substance covering the skin of the fetus.

Which of the following is least true of hyperthermia?

Hyperthermia is most often due to infection.

Sweat glands usually associated with hair follicles and found in the axillary and genital areas are called:

apocrine glands.

Freckles and moles are caused by an accumulation of:

melanin.

Nonshivering thermogenesis is accomplished by:

metabolism associated with brown fat.

The stratum corneum is:

the outermost layer of the epidermis, an epidermal layer, nourished by blood vessels within the dermis (all is applicable)

Which of the following is least true of a fever?

Is generally caused by an inability of the body to get rid of excess heat, as in heat stroke.

Which of the following is associated with tanning?

Melanocytes

What is the effect of shivering?

Increases heat production.

The sebaceous, apocrine, and eccrine glands are _____ glands.

exocrine

Cyanosis:

refers to a bluish coloring of the skin caused by hypoxemia.

Keratin is:

a protein that hardens and makes an epidermal cell water resistant.

The color of skin that is supplied by oxygen-poor blood is described as:

cyanotic.

This substance is produced by the skin and is necessary for the absorption of calcium from the digestive tract.

Vitamin D

The stratum germinativum and the stratum corneum are layers of the:

epidermis.