amstud finals

irony

A contrast between expectation and reality

simile

A comparison of two unlike things using like or as

irony

A contrast between expectation and reality

simile

A comparison of two unlike things using like or as

diction

A writer's or speaker's choice of words

prose

Any writing that is not poetry

iambic meter

unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable

Romanticism

19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason

Why is the Raven From Edgar Allen Poe considered a foil?

because it represents the narrator's grief and despair, contrasting with the narrator's initial hopes and expectations

John Rolfe

Jamestown colony leader who showed that tobacco could be grown successfully in Virginia

James Madison

co-authored the Federalist Papers with Alexander Hamilton (5th president)

Dred Scott

An enslaved African American who sued for his freedom in the landmark Dred Scott v. Sandford case

Court ruled African Americans were not citizens and had no right to sue

Nat Turner

An enslaved African American who led a slave rebellion in Virginia in 1831

John Brown

Led the raid on Harper's Ferry for abolitonists cause

Sir Walter Raleigh

Established the Roanoke Colony in North America

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A leading figure in the women's rights movement.

Sojourner Truth

An African American abolitionist and women's rights activist "Aint I a woman"

Alexander Hamilton

Secretary of the Treasury, and co-author of the Federalist Papers. He advocated for a strong central government

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin

William Lloyd Garrison

co-founded the American Anti-Slavery Society.

Robert Gould Shaw

leader of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment

Francis Scott Key

rote the lyrics to "The Star-Spangled Banner

Marbury vs Madison

established the principle of judicial review, giving the courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Worcester vs Georgia

Georgia could not enforce its laws within Cherokee territory, as Native American tribes were recognized as sovereign nations.

Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia

Cherokee Nation was not a foreign nation, but rather a "domestic dependent nation,"

Great Biological exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and culture between the Old World and new world

WOMEN in colonial era

Married ages younger in New World(considered weak)🐺🐺🐺🐺🐺(New world men=Sigma)

African Culture in the New World

Came from Middle passage

NEW ENGLAND ECONOMY Vs. Southern Economy

NE= Smaller farms, fisheries, and shipbuilding

The South= Farms,tobacco,

What is the Enlightenment?

How will Enlightenment impact the inevitability of the revolution

Anne Bradstreet, "Upon the Burning of Our House" main ideas

Bradstreet talks about fire burning down her house but she says she deosn't care about earthly possesions and knows her house in heaven will be much greater

Nathaniel Hawthorne: "Rappaccini's Daughter" how does it relate to bible?

Beatrice- Eve, Giovanni-Adam, Rappicini- God, Baglioni-serpent

Emerson's Concord Hymn

Famous poem dedicated to soldiers who fought in American revolution

Roanoke Island

Jamestown

What did John Rolfe do that was important?

Introduced tobacco( New World main source of trade/economy)

Virginia House of Burgesses

First form of governemnt without british interference in U.S

Why was the Mayflower compact important and what was it?

One of the first example of self governemnt and paved the way for a democracy in the U.S

Who was Powhatan?

a Native American chief who ruled over much of the Virginia territory when English settlers arrived

Distinctions between Northern and Southern colonies

North- Shipbuilding, trade,puritans

South- large plantations, tobacco,slvaery, agriculture

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Founded in 1630 by Puritans seeking religious freedom

Why are Rhode Island, Maryland, and Pennsylvania founded?

R.I- Founded by Roger Williams in 1636 for religious freedom

Maryland: For Catholics escaping religious persecution

Pennsylvania- Founded by Penn for Quakers

Enlightenment

18th-century movement that emphasized reason, individual rights, and questioning authority( Made religion less strict)

What was the Proclamation Line of 1763?

British law that banned colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflicts with Native Americans.

Sugar Act of 1764

Currency Act (1764)

Stamp Act (1765)

1.taxed sugar and molasses

2. Banned the American colonies from printing their own paper money( had to use british currency)

3. taxed legal papers, newspapers, and other documents

Townshend Acts (1767)

taxed goods like glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea (final straw now colonists are angy:(

Boston Massacre: March 5, 1770

British soldiers shot and killed five colonists including Crispus Attucks(Free black dude)

How does early colonial life set up the Civil War? Main Points

Southern colonies- plantations and slavery.

Northern colonies- trade, small farms, and industry

Differences led to conflicts over slavery, states' rights, and economic power then boom civil war

Hamilton vs. jefferson

Hamilton- strong federal government,banks, industry, and trade

jefferson- more power for the states limited central governemnt

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

Federalists- want strong central government(Hamilton)

Anti-Federalists- dint want strong central government wanted a Bill of Rights to protect individual freedoms.

James Madison vs Alexander Hamilton

Maidson- strong but limited federal government.

Believed government power should be divided and people's rights protected.(checks and balances)

Hamilton- strong federal government,banks, industry, and trade

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to the Constitution

Louisiana Purchase

large amount of land purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million

War of 1812

Fought between the U.S. and Britain over trade restrictions, ended in a draw but boosted American pride.( showed U.S can hang with the big dawgs)

Missouri Compromise

Allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and banned slavery north of the 36°30′ line in new territories

What was the first turnpike

A long ass road(doesn't rly matter) improved U.S transportation and trade

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation to Oklohama many N/A died because of conditions

Antebellum reforms·

A series of social, political, and cultural movements before the Civil War aimed at abolishing slavery, improving education, promoting women's rights, and prison reform.

Compromise of 1850

California admitted as a free state.

Fugitive Slave Act strengthened.

Popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico territories.

Slave trade abolished in Washington D.C.

(Aimed at relieving tensions between north and south)

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Kansas and Nebraska vote if they wanna be slave state through popular sovereignty

Mason-Dixon Line

the division between free and slave states in the U.S.

Tenure of Office Act

restricted the president's power to remove certain officeholders without Senate approval( got Andrew Jackson impeached)

Morrill Tariff

increased taxes on imports to support American industries

Homestead Act

160 acres of public land to settlers who would improve it by farming for at least five years, encouraging westward expansion.

Freedmen's Bureau

Organization run by the army to care for and protect southern Blacks after the Civil War

Carpetbaggers and Scalawags

* Northerners who came to the South to participate in Reconstruction governments

*Scalawags: Southerners working for or supporting the federal government during Reconstruction

Sharecroppers,

people who rent a plot of land from another person, and farm it in exchange for a share of the crop

What was the Corrupt bargain to end recoonstruction?

Rutherford B. Hayes became president in exchange for withdrawing federal troops from the South, effectively ending efforts to protect the rights of African Americans in the South.

How does the economic evolution of the northern and southern colonies lead (somewhat directly) to the North v South slave debate?

Southern Economy:plantations, cash crops required cheap labor to make profit->slavery

Northern economy- industry, trade, and small-scale farming,

What are the strengths and weaknesses of North and South during the War?

North-Larger population,Strong navy, more transportation

- Worse generals, fighting on unfamiliar territory, public didn't care about war efforts

South- Home-field advantage Strong military leadership, Motivated soldiers

-

Smaller population (

Less industrial capacity to produce weapons, supplies, and goods.

Limited transportation and railroads.

Why is it so difficult to bring the South back after the war?

The South's economy was destroyed- land destroyed from war

Ku Klux Klan formed to resist Reconstruction

white citizens were unwilling to accept defeat and end slavery leading to 13th, 14th,15th, amendments

How does the Transcendentalist ideal fit into pre-war sentiments of the North?

Many Transcendentalists were abolitionists

industrialization and urbanization contrasted with the Transcendentalists' belief in nature as a source of personal growth and moral

What key themes emerge in the country's first 242 years that demonstrate that the Civil War is inevitable?

Slavery and diffrences in economy

States' Rights vs. Federal Authority= South believes states should have power while North believes federal government should