Honors Biology: Cell Organelles and Functions of Plant and Animal Cells

cell membrane

• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

• Animal and Plant cells

• made up of phospholipids

• controls movement into and out of the cell

cytoplasm

• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

• Animal and Plant cells

• watery material/gel

• contains many of the nutrients and ions involved in cell metabolism

endoplasmic reticulum

1. rough

2. smooth

• Eukaryotic cells

• Animal and Plant cells

• a series of membrane tubes

• allows materials to travel

  1. has ribosomes that synthesizes proteins to be shipped out of cell

  2. does not have ribosomes and synthesizes lipids and breaks down toxins in the body

ribosomes

• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

• Animal and Plant cells

• smallest organelles (no membranes) that are the site of protein synthesis

nucleus

• Eukaryotic cells

• Animal and Plant cells

• contains genetic material (DNA)

• serves as the "control” center for cell metabolism and reproduction

lysosome

• Eukaryotic cells

• Animal cells

• membrane enclosed organelle

• contains hydrolytic enzymes (digestive enzymes) that break down food, waste, and old cell parts that can be recycled to build new cell parts

golgi apparatus

• Eukaryotic cells

• Animal and Plant cells

• packages, sorts, and secretes the products of the cells

mitochondria

• Eukaryotic cells

• Animal and Plant cells

• performs respiration, releasing the energy (ATP) from food molecules

vacuole

• Eukaryotic cells

• Animal and Plant cells

• membrane enclosed organelle

  • animals have many small ones

  • plants have 1 or 2 large central ones

• contains stores food, water, wastes

nucleolus

• Eukaryotic cells

• Animal and Plant cells

• found inside nucleus

• site of production of ribosomes

cell wall

• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

• Plant (& Bacteria) cells

• in plants, it is made of cellulose

• gives cell shape/structure and provides protection

DNA

• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

• Animal and Plant cells

• genetic material

  • eukaryotes: linear

  • prokaryotes: circular

chloroplast

• Eukaryotic cells

• Plant cells

• site of photosynthesis

• produces sugars for plant cells

nuclear membrane

• Eukaryotic cells

• Animal and Plant cells

• controls movement into and out of nucleus; contains pores

centrosome/centriole

• Eukaryotic cells

• Animal cells

• small structures

• aid in cell division by making microtubules (spindle fibers) that attach to chromosomes

cytoskeleton

• Eukaryotic cells

• Animal and Plant cells

• made up of 3 proteins (microtubules, intermediate fibers, microfilaments) that are found in the cytoplasm

• give structure to the cell & aid in cell movement