Studied by 33 peopleExpenditure Approach
leading approach; totals annual expenditures on four categories of final goods:
spending by households, or consumption (c)
business good and services, or investment (i)
government goods and services (g)
total exports - total imports, or net export (x)
Income Approach
calculates GDP by adding up all the incomes in the country
GDP Per Capita
identifies the quantity of goods and services attributed and made available for each member of society -real gdp per person in the population
Frictional Unemployment
the unemployment which exists in any economy due to people being in the process of moving from one job to another -the regular hiring and firing of workers
Structural Unemployment
unemployment caused by a mismatch between jobs and skills, or other long-term changes in the economy -technology or international competition changes workers needs -ex: telephone operators lost, influencers gained
Cyclical Unemployment
loss/gain of jobs due to swing of business cycle -not a part of the "natural rate of unemployment"
Nominal GDP
the dollar value of all final goods and services produces within a country's borders in one year, expressed in current dollar value (UNADJUSTED for inflation)
Real GDP
the dollar value of all final goods and services produces within a country's borders in one year, expressed in current dollar value (ADJUSTED for inflation)
GNP
the value of goods and services produced overseas in foreign nations by domestic firms
Imports
goods which add to the stock of material resources of a country by entering its economic territory
Exports
movable goods produced within the boundaries of one country, which are traded with another country
Expansion
GDP is growing, consumers are shopping, employment is improving and prices are rising
Peak
high point where gap stops growing, prices are at they highest and unemployed workers are hard to find
Contraction
GDP is shrinking, consumers are not shopping, prices are falling and workers are losing jobs
Trough
demand, production, and unemployment are at their lowest point
Leading Indicators
measure of economic performance that usually changes six to nine months before real GDP changes: Stock market, interest rates and new home sales
Coincident Indicators
measure of economic performance that usually changed with Real GDP: employment, sales volume and personal income
Lagging Indicators
measure of economic performance that usually changes after real GDP: confirms a cycle has ended: ratio of consumer credit to personal income
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
a measure of the average change in prices over time in a fixed market basket of goods and services
Depression
a steep and sustained drop in economic activity featuring high unemployment and negative GDP growth
Recession
a significant, widespread, and prolonged downturn in economic activity
Double Counting
The mistake of including both the value or intermediate products and the value of final products in calculating gross domestic product
US Bureau of Labor Statistics
measures labor market activity, working conditions, price changes, and productivity in the U.S. economy to support public and private decision making
Final Goods
-goods which used either for consumption or for investment -they are ready for use in the sense that no value has to be added -they have crossed the production boundary -ex: milk purchased for household consumption
Intermediate Goods
-a product used to produce a final good or finished product -goods that are used by businesses for producing goods or services -known as producer goods
Underground Economy
there is much economic activity which, although income in generated, is never reported to the government: Black market transactions and under the table wages: Drug dealing
Quality of Life
countries with high GDP's have high living standards: GDP does not show how goods and services are distributed
How to Calculate Unemployment Rate:
UR= # of unemployed/labor force
What is not included in GDP?
-illegal goods -unpaid work -used goods -non market activities
Note
Flashcard