Computer Concepts

Crisis-mapping

Tools gather information from sources such as e-mails, text messages, and tweets and make the information instantly and publicly available.

Social media

Tools enable people to connect and exchange ideas.

Digital

The gap in ease of access to the Internet and technology is known as the ________ divide.

African

The Next Einstein Initiative and the ________ Institute for Mathematical Sciences bring bright young learners and the best lecturers in the world together.

Cognitive surplus

Results when leisure time and available tools allow us to engage in creative acts.

Web 2.0

is a nickname for social media tools which allow users to contribute content easily

Crowdfunding

Connecting with one another to finance other people's dreams

Sharing Economy

An economic system where people share or rent goods and services through technology instead of owning them. Citi Bike is an example of which people share bicycles for temporary use instead of buying their own.

Collaborative consumption

Collaborative consumption is joining together as a group to use a specific product more efficiently.

Computer literate

Someone who is familiar enough with computers to understand their capabilities and limitations.

Software

Provides the instructions that tell a computer what to do.

Spam

Unsolicited or junk e-mail

Not an example of being computer literate

Knowing how to hire a programmer

Supervised learning

Teaching Siri or Google Assistant to recognize your voice by reading to it is an example of supervised learning.

Cloud Computing

provides the vital infrastructure, storage, and processing power required to run modern AI models at a large scale; it is a branch of distributed network systems and computer infrastructure. It is not a core research discipline within artificial intelligence itself.

Machine Learning

Analyzes patterns in data, then uses the patterns to draw conclusions and adjust the actions of the AI system accordingly.

Recommendation engine

Amazon providing you a list of products similar to others you've viewed. [1]

Turing test

A test of whether a computer can show intelligence similar enough to a human that a person cannot tell whether they are communicating with a human or a computer.

Embodied agent

A robot which moves and acts much like a human

Augmented

Reality is the addition of digital information directly into our reality, either to add

more detail or to remove unwanted visual effects.

Artificial Limbs

3D printing in medicine can create more stylish, customized, and less expensive artificial limbs for patients.

Virtual reality

replaces perceived reality with a different world

Forensics

Analyzing computer systems to gather potential legal evidence

Unethical

Behavior is not conforming to a set of approved standards of behavior.

Humanism

A philosophy that focuses on human values, reason, and well-being rather than being a formal system of ethics in this context.

Personal ethics

A set of formal or informal ethical principles an individual uses to make

decisions.

Intellectual property

Work that is the result of someone's creativity and knowledge.

Data mining

Technology allows retailers to better respond to consumer buying patterns

Deep learning

Deep learning is a type of machine learning that learns from large amounts of data and mistakes.

Knowledge representation

The encoding of information about the world into formats that artificial intelligence systems can understand and use.

Predictive policing

The gathering and analyzing of data to predict and help prevent future crimes.

Crisis-mapping tools collect social media data to respond to crises.

TRUE — They collect and analyze data to provide quick crisis information.

The digital divide is the difference between technology careers and careers using human intuition.

False-The digital divide is the gap between people who have access to technology and those who do not.

Crowdfunding is asking for large donations from a few people.

FALSE — Crowdfunding collects small contributions from many people.

Car-sharing services like Zipcar are examples of individual ownership.

FALSE — Car sharing is an example of shared ownership/use.

Frito-Lay's "Do Us a Flavor" campaign is an example of crowdsourcing.

TRUE — The company asked the public to submit ideas for new flavors.

Electronic junk mail is considered a computer virus.

FALSE — Electronic junk mail is called spam.

You cannot be computer literate without knowing computer programming.

FALSE — Computer literacy does not require advanced programming skills.

Hardware refers to the programs that give instructions to the computer.

FALSE — Software provides instructions; hardware is the physical equipment.

Computer vision is the ability for a computer to interpret visual data like humans.

TRUE — Computer vision allows computers to interpret images and visual information.

Rules-based AI systems use preprogrammed rules to make human-like decisions.

TRUE — They follow programmed rules to make decisions.

Affective computing focuses on managing, processing, and automatically retrieving information.

FALSE — That describes information management/retrieval. Affective computing deals with emotions and emotional responses.

Computer forensics analyzes computer systems to gather potential legal evidence.

TRUE — It examines digital evidence for investigations.

Information technology is the study of managing, processing, and retrieving information.

TRUE — IT involves using technology to manage and process information.

Telecommunications and software development are examples of information technology careers.

TRUE — Both are IT-related careers.

Data warehousing is the process of searching large datasets to find patterns.

FALSE — That is data mining.

Deontology focuses on moral duties and rules that should apply equally.

TRUE — Deontology focuses on duties and moral rules.

Personal ethics are not influenced by culture or religion.

FALSE — Culture and religion can influence personal ethics.

Unethical and amoral behavior mean the same thing.

FALSE — Unethical means violating ethical standards; amoral means lacking concern for morality.

Bot accounts have been used to create discord around controversial topics.

TRUE — Bots can spread messages and create disagreement or division.

Deep learning algorithms require data to be labeled as correct or incorrect.

FALSE — Deep learning can use labeled or unlabeled data, depending on the learning method.

Rules-based systems are a subset of expert systems.

TRUE — Rules-based systems are used as a type of expert system.

Machine learning requires precise programming to achieve desired results.

FALSE — Machine learning learns patterns from data rather than requiring every rule to be precisely programmed.

A rules-based AI system is designed based on the rules the human brain uses to function.

TRUE— A Rule-based AI system is designed based on the rules the human brain uses to function.

Amoral behavior and unethical behavior mean exactly the same thing.

FALSE — Amoral means without moral consideration; unethical means against accepted ethical standards.

Unsupervised learning only works with a very large number of examples.

FALSE — Unsupervised learning does not require labeled examples or necessarily a very large dataset.

Replacing reality with a digitally constructed reality is called virtual reality.

TRUE — Virtual reality creates a computer-generated environment.