Epidemiology Lectures Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes for exam preparation, focusing on key vocabulary and concepts.

Epidemiological measure

A measure of dis-ease frequency, calculated as numerator divided by denominator divided by time.

GATE frame

A study design framework that includes Population, Exposure, Comparison, Outcome, and Time.

Incidence

Measures dis-ease frequency, representing the number of new cases within a specified time period.

Prevalence

Measures dis-ease frequency, representing the proportion of a population with a condition at a specific time.

Risk Ratio (RR)

Measure of comparing dis-ease frequencies that describes how much more or less likely an event is to occur in the exposed group compared to the control group.

Risk Difference (RD)

Measure of comparing dis-ease frequencies that describes the absolute difference in the rate of event occurrences between the exposed and control groups.

Bias

Non-random error in epidemiological studies, assessed using RAMBOMAN, focusing on measurement correctness.

Random Error

Random error in epidemiological studies, assessed using 95% confidence intervals, focusing on measurement correctness.

Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs)

Participants are allocated randomly to EG or CG; they are not allocated to EG & CG by measurement.

Randomisation

Participants have an equal chance of being allocated to EG or CG.

Double Blind RCT

Neither participants nor investigators know which intervention was given to which participant.

Randomised controlled trial (RCT) usefulness

The best type of study to answer questions about the effect of treatments (but only if it is both ethical & practical).