Moral Philosophy

Verificationism

A statement is meaningless if it cannot be empirically observed.

Emotivism

A moral statement is simply an expression of one’s passion or sentiment.

Meta-Ethics

The field of ethics that looks for the truthmaker for right or wrong.

Divine Command Theory

The truthmaker for moral statements is God’s commands.

Intuitively Wrong Actions

A standard test that an ethical theory is FALSE.

External Moral Truthmakers

Admitting that God would never say torturing babies is moral, is admitting moral truthmakers are this.

God isn't Worthy of Moral Admiration

If 'Good' is defined only by what God commands, then 'God is Good' means this.

Mystery

Filling our ignorance of a moral truthmaker, the supernatural is known as this; related to the Magic Fallacy.

Consequentialism

A moral truthmaker is based on the future results that an action causes.

Intrinsic Good

Being happy is a good in itself, also known as this.

Hedonism

Theory that one should seek pleasure & avoid pain.

Utilitarianism

The happiness of many outweighs the happiness of the few.

Hedonic Calculus

Criteria for Happiness: Intensity, Duration, Proximity, Certainty, Purity, Fecundity, Extent.

Quantitative Utilitarianism

Just tallying the Bodily Pleasure of Masses Only.

Qualitative Utilitarianism

Are intellectual pleasures more important than Bodily Pleasures?

Higher Quality Pleasure

Saving from a burning building over getting a massage is this.

Counterfactual

Tallying the choice not made depends upon this.

Utilitarianism

Accidentally causing happiness for masses is considered this.

Rule Utilitarianism

Following the Rule/Guideline that would bring greater happiness to the masses.

Experience Machine

Recommends a Stimulated Happier World to a Sadder Real World.

Deontological Ethics

A Moral Truthmaker is based on Logic (a Duty determined by Logic).

1st Categorical Imperative

If 'what if everybody did that?' makes the rule illogical, then it’s immoral.

2nd Categorical Imperative

Never treat people as a means to your ends only, but as an end in themselves.

Free Will

You can’t use people because we are rational & therefore have this.

Logical Contradiction

Murder asks where the victim is. You must both LIE & not LIE; this is a.

Virtue Ethics

This theory doesn’t focus on actions being right/wrong, but on the person’s character.

Arete

Translation of this term is Virtue.

Phronesis

Translation of this term is Practical Wisdom.

Eudaimonia

Translation of this term is Best of all Possible Lives (Objectively).

Golden Mean

Seeking the balance of courage (between cowardice & recklessness) is this.

Practical Wisdom

Offering her 'Frozen' DVD to a grieving divorcee lacks this.

Eudaimonia

Wealth & Power alone don’t objectively provide (Greek Word) this.

Interpretation

Stoics say events don’t disturb us, our this of Events disturbs us.

Ethics of Care

Theory says it’s more moral to save your own child than 20 strangers.

Circular Fallacy

We can’t identify the Moral Exemplars without knowing the virtues, & we can’t identify the Virtues without identifying the moral exemplars.

Michael Stocker’s 'The Schizophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories'

You visit a friend in the hospital because you care, not because of ethics.

Self-Centered Virtue Ethics

Christopher Toner claims Virtue Ethics is this.

Other-Centered Virtues

However, it underestimates how this aspect of virtues is.

Morally Blameworthy or Morally Deficient

Virtue Ethics says people who aren’t virtuous are this.

Virtuous Habits

Not everyone has an equal opportunity to adopt these due to upbringing.

Compatibilism

Embraces the idea that we are free and morally responsible.

Ethics

Rational investigation of good & evil, it is logical, unbiased, and consists of facts that are definitionally coherent.

Moral Relativism

The view that moral judgments are true or false only relative to some particular standpoint (you can’t judge one culture’s morals by the standards of another.)

True or False: All moral facts are only relative to cultures.

False.

Truthmaker

Correspondence of thought bubble with a physical fact.

True or false: Moral truthmakers are material objects.

False.

Hume Is/Out Fallacy

Values do not equal facts.

Meta-Ethics

The area of Ethics that seeks moral truths.

Emotivism/Subjectivism

Statements are meaningless if not empirically observed.

Who said “Emotivism comes from Verification”?

Ludwig Wittgenstein.

A.J. Ayer proposed what?

Verificationism spawned logical positivism.

Are moral statements facts or emotional opinions?

Only emotional opinions.

“Yuck, Murder.” “Yay, Charity” is neither true nor false so it is a…?

Non-cognitive statement.

The truth maker is a physical fact that equals…?

That person’s opinion.

Ludwig Wittgenstein lived from?

1889-1951.

A.J. Ayer lived from?

1910-1989.

Divine Command Theory

God is the source, the truth maker of right and wrong.

Euthyphro 1

Prosecuting the impious is peity.

Euthyphro 2

What’s loved by the Gods?

Euthyphro Dilemma

Being loved by all the Gods makes it Pious.

Why does God command things?

Because God recognizes something about moral things that makes them moral.

God is Love (John 4:8)

Moral not b/c God commanded it, but because of God’s character.

The statement “God is Good'‘ is not praiseworthy because…?

Crude piece of Religion was developed by which academic theologian that abadn

A statement is meaningless if it cannot be empirically observed.

Verificationism.

A moral statement is simply an expression of one’s passion or sentiment.

Emotivism.

he field of ethics that looks for the truthmaker for right or wrong.

Meta-Ethics.

The truthmaker for moral statements is God’s commands.

Divine Command Theory