Introduction to Oil and Gas and Sustainable Development

Vocabulary flashcards covering energy forms, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, coal power generation facilities in the Philippines, and natural gas thermal maturation based on the lecture notes.

Sustainable Development

Development that seeks to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, considering environmental protection, economic development, and social well-being.

Sustainable Development for Petroleum Engineers

A practice involving improving resource recovery and operational efficiency while considering safety, environmental protection, economic performance, and community needs.

Law of Conservation of Energy

The fundamental principle stating that energy can change from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Chemical Energy

Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules, which can be released through chemical reactions such as combustion.

Kinetic Energy

Energy associated with the motion of an object or substance, possessed by moving fluids, rotating equipment, and flowing air or water.

Potential Energy

Stored energy associated with an object's position or condition, such as water stored behind a dam.

Thermal Energy

Energy associated with the microscopic motion of particles within a substance, which increases as the motion of its particles increases.

Electrical Energy

Energy associated with the movement or distribution of electric charges, widely used to power equipment, appliances, and industrial systems.

Radiant Energy

Energy carried by electromagnetic waves, with sunlight being a major example and the primary energy input for most processes on Earth.

Nuclear Energy

Energy stored within the nucleus of an atom that can be released through nuclear fission or fusion.

Sound Energy

Energy transmitted through a medium as mechanical waves produced by vibrating objects or substances.

Energy Sources

Natural or processed resources from which usable energy is obtained, such as crude oil or sunlight, which are distinct from forms of energy.

Renewable Energy Sources

Energy sources naturally replenished over relatively short periods based on ongoing natural processes, including solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass.

Nonrenewable Energy Sources

Finite energy resources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, propane, and uranium used to generate electricity, heat homes, move vehicles, and manufacture products.

Fossil Fuels

Non-renewable energy sources formed from ancient organic matter with carbon as their primary constituent, meeting over $85\%$ of world energy demands.

Coalification

The specific process through which decomposed plant matter under conditions of high temperature and pressure forms coal over time.

Sual Power Station

The largest and most cost-effective coal-fired power station in the Philippines, featuring a generating capacity of $1,200\,MW$.

Pagbilao Power Station (PPS)

A $735\,MW$ coal-fired thermal power plant at Isla Grande in Pagbilao, Quezon Province, capable of producing up to $16,800\,MWh$ of electricity daily or over 6 million MWh annually.

Pagbilao Unit 3 Power Project

A $420\,MW$ merchant coal-fired facility within PPS grounds developed by Pagbilao Energy Corporation (PEC)—a joint venture between TeaM Energy and Aboitiz Power—that began operating in May 2018.

Masinloc Power Plant

A coal-fired power plant in Zambales whose Unit 1 ($315\,MW$) and Unit 2 ($344\,MW$) started operations in 1998, acquired by SMC Global Power in March 2018, and expanded with Unit 3 ($335\,MW$) in September 2020.

Calaca Power Station

An operating coal-fired power station of at least $900\,MW$ located in San Rafael, Calaca, Batangas.

Limay Power Plant

A $4 \times 150\,MW$ coal-fired thermal power plant that utilizes Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) technology.

Thermal Maturation

The process of natural gas formation where organic material accumulated in oxygen-depleted environments breaks down under pressure and heat from sediment layers to form simpler hydrocarbons like methane.

Methane ($CH_4$)

The smallest hydrocarbon consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms, serving as the main constituent of natural gas; it is colorless, odorless in pure form, and highly flammable.