Romanticism Test

Intuition

Feelings most important

Innocence

Open to new knowledge

Imagination

Active part of the soul

Idealism

Strive for better world

Individuality

America's voice

Inspiration

Nature and emotions

Allegory

Story or poem in which the characters and events symbolize deeper meanings

Irony

A contrast between what's expected and what happens

Alliteration

Repetition of consonant sounds ("weak and weary")

Rhyme scheme

Patter of rhymes in a poem (like ABCB or AABB)

Meter

The rhythm or beat of a poem

Caesura

A pause in a line of poetry

Tone

The author's attitude toward the subject

Mood

The feeling created for the reader

Symbol

An object representing a deeper idea (the ebony clock = time/death)

Imagery

Vivid language appealing to the senses

Personification

Giving human qualities to nonhuman things

Frame story/frame poem

A story within another story ("Rip Van Winkle" is framed by Knickerbocker's writing)

William Wadsworth Longfellow

Author of 'The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls' and 'The Cross of Snow'

Theme of 'The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls'

Life and nature continue after death

Speaker of 'The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls'

A calm observer watching the sea

Literary Devices in 'The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls'

Repetition, imagery, personification

Tone of 'The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls'

Peaceful and accepting

Important line/quote from 'The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls'

"The tide rises, the tide falls."

Theme of 'The Cross of Snow'

Everlasting grief and spiritual devotion after loss

Speaker of 'The Cross of Snow'

A mourning husband remembering his wife

Literary Devices in 'The Cross of Snow'

Metaphor (the "cross of snow"), imagery, symbolism

Tone of 'The Cross of Snow'

Mournful but reverent

Important line/quote from 'The Cross of Snow'

"Such is the cross I wear upon my breast."

Shift in 'The Cross of Snow'

It shifts from describing her portrait to the mountain image—showing that his inner grief mirrors nature's frozen permanence.

Facts about William Wadsworth Longfellow

Loved poet because he wrote things that were relatable; Hawthorne was one of his classmates; First wife died from miscarriage while the second wife died to house fire (inspiration for "The Cross of Snow") and greatly impacted his work; Known as one of the "Fireside Poets"

William Cullen Bryant

Author of 'Thanatopsis'

Importance of Title 'Thanatopsis'

Means "death seeing"/"view of death"

Theme of 'Thanatopsis'

Death is natural and unites all living things

Speaker(s) of 'Thanatopsis'

The poet and the voice of Nature

Literary Devices in 'Thanatopsis'

Personification (Nature speaks), imagery, blank verse

Tone of 'Thanatopsis'

Calm, wise, reflective

Important line/quote from 'Thanatopsis'

"Thou go not, like the quarry-slave at approach thy grave like one who wraps the drapery of his couch about him."

Facts about William Cullen Bryant

Child prodigy from writing at a young age; Changed his mind about becoming a lawyer after "Thanatopsis" made him famous; Believed that God could be found in nature; Inspired by nature and the beauty of the American landscape

Edgar Allan Poe

Author of 'The Raven'

Theme of 'The Raven'

Grief, memory, and the hopeless search for meaning after loss

Speaker of 'The Raven'

A lonely man mourning Lenore

Literary Devices in 'The Raven'

Repetition, alliteration, internal rhyme, symbolism (raven = death)

Tone of 'The Raven'

Dark, mournful, obsessive

How is 'The Raven' romantic?

Focuses on deep emotions and the human experience of loss.

Theme of 'The Masque of the Red Death'

No one, not even the rich, can escape death.

Speaker of 'The Masque of the Red Death'

Third-person narrator.

Literary Devices in 'The Masque of the Red Death'

Allegory, symbolism (rooms = life's stages, clock = time), imagery.

Tone of 'The Masque of the Red Death'

Grim, eerie, fatalistic.

Romantic elements in 'The Masque of the Red Death'

Uses emotion, symbolism, and fascination with death.

Important line from 'The Masque of the Red Death'

"And Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all."

Author Facts about Edgar Allan Poe

Known for Gothic and psychological fiction; often wrote about death, fear, and the human mind.

Theme of 'Old Ironsides'

National pride and preserving history.

Speaker of 'Old Ironsides'

A passionate patriot.

Literary Devices in 'Old Ironsides'

Irony, imagery, personification, metaphor.

Irony in 'Old Ironsides'

Pretends to support destroying the ship while arguing to save it.

Tone of 'Old Ironsides'

Proud, emotional, defiant.

Romantic elements in 'Old Ironsides'

Expresses emotion, patriotism, and respect for heroism.

Important line from 'Old Ironsides'

"O, better that her shattered hulk should sink beneath the wave."

Author Facts about Oliver Wendell Holmes

Surgeon and poet from Boston (attended Harvard); helped save the USS Constitution with this poem.

Setting of 'Rip Van Winkle'

Catskill Mountains, before and after the American Revolution.

Mood of 'Rip Van Winkle'

Dreamlike, nostalgic, humorous.

Theme of 'Rip Van Winkle'

Change, freedom, and escaping responsibility.

Speaker of 'Rip Van Winkle'

Narrator (Diedrich Knickerbocker).

Literary Devices in 'Rip Van Winkle'

Frame story, symbolism, imagery.

Tone of 'Rip Van Winkle'

Light, reflective, gently ironic.

Romantic elements in 'Rip Van Winkle'

Emphasizes imagination, nature, and individuality.

Important line from 'Rip Van Winkle'

"A tart temper neer mellows with age."

Author Facts about Washington Irving

America's first famous fiction writer; created the character Diedrich Knickerbocker as a 'frame narrator.'

Speaker of Patrick Henry's 'Speech to the Virginia Convention'

Patrick Henry.

Occasion of Patrick Henry's Speech

Second Virginia Convention, March 1775.

Audience of Patrick Henry's Speech

Virginia delegates deciding on war.

Purpose of Patrick Henry's Speech

Persuade them to fight for independence.

Subject of Patrick Henry's Speech

Freedom versus British tyranny.

Tone of Patrick Henry's Speech

Urgent, passionate, patriotic.

Important Quotes from Patrick Henry's Speech

"Give me liberty or give me death!" and "The war is inevitable—and let it come!"

Persuasive devices in Patrick Henry's Speech

Rhetorical questions, repetition, biblical allusion, parallelism, vivid imagery.

Author Facts about Patrick Henry

Known as the 'Voice of the American Revolution'; famous for his powerful oratory skills.

Important Quotes from Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography

"A small leak will sink a great ship." and "Lose no time; be always employed in something useful."

Message of Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography

Self-discipline, virtue, and hard work lead to moral and personal success.

Author's character in Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography

Wise, practical, humble, self-improving.

Virtues from Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography

Temperance, Silence, Order, Resolution, Frugality, Industry, Sincerity, Justice, Moderation, Cleanliness, Tranquility, Chastity, Humility.

Author Facts about Benjamin Franklin

Founding Father and inventor; believed moral perfection was possible through discipline.

Theme of Phillis Wheatley's 'Imagination'

Imagination connects humans to God and creative power.

Speaker of Phillis Wheatley's 'Imagination'

The poet admiring the strength of imagination.

Literary Devices in 'Imagination'

Personification, imagery, classical allusion.

Tone of Phillis Wheatley's 'Imagination'

Inspired, spiritual, thoughtful.

Influence of background on Wheatley's writing

As an enslaved African woman educated in America, her Christian faith and experience with freedom shaped her focus on imagination as divine and liberating.

Important line from 'Imagination'

"Imagination! Who can sing thy force?"

Author Facts about Phillis Wheatley

First African American woman to publish a book of poetry; educated in English, Latin, and the Bible.

Common Test Quote by Longfellow

"The tide rises, the tide falls."

Common Test Quote by Bryant

"Go not, like the quarry-slave at night..."

Common Test Quote by Poe

"Quoth the Raven, 'Nevermore.'"

Common Test Quote by Holmes

"Oh, better that her shattered hulk should sink beneath the wave."

Common Test Quote by Irving

"A tart temper never mellows with age."

Common Test Quote by Henry

"Give me liberty or give me death!"

Common Test Quote by Franklin

"A small leak will sink a great ship."

Common Test Quote by Wheatley

"Imagination! Who can sing thy force?"

The 6 I's of Romanticism

Intuition, Innocence, Imagination, Idealism, Individuality, Inspiration

Ben Franklin's 13 virtues?

Temperance

Silence

Order

Resolution

Frugality

Industry

Sincerity

Justice

Moderation

Tranquility

Cleanliness

Chastity

Humility