General for dumas

what had been the most striking concession made to the liberals?

nicholas’ granting of the Duma in the October Manifesto

What did the new electoral laws lay down?

• all citizens over 25 had the right to vote

• women and military service men were excluded from voting

• votes were not equal since the constituencies differed in size

who ratified the laws?

sovereign empreror

how many chambers would there be?

two (bi-cameral)

Who were the two chambers?

The elected Duma and the State Council (this had equal powers to the Duma and half of its members would be chosen by the tsar

what did article 47 do?

gave the tsar the right to pass laws without consulting the Duma in ‘exceptional circumstances’

what did the tsar retained control of?

Military, foreign poolicy,and appointment of ministers

what did electoral colleges weigh to towards?

The upper class