APUSH Period 6

Dawes Severalty Act

Allowed the federal government to break up tribal lands

Causes for the rise of industry

Vast amount of natural resources, immigrants provided a labor force, railroads expanded, mass production, businesses were free from gov control, and entrepreneurship

Laissez-Faire Policies

Minimal government intervention in business operations.

Gospel of Wealth

Wealthy should use riches for societal benefit. (Andrew Carnegie)

Social Darwinism

poor should not be aided because it would encourage laziness

Labor Unions

Created to improve working conditions and rights.

Knights of Labor

Inclusive union aiming to replace capitalism with socialism, end child labor, and abolish monopolies. Failed to achieve success because of too many members

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Union focused on specific jobs and more successful collective bargaining.

Interstate Commerce Act

1887 law regulating railroad rates and practices and established ICC

Sherman Antitrust Act

1890 law aimed at ending monopolies

New Immigrants

Arrived from Eastern/Southern Europe and China.

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law banning Chinese laborers from entering US.

Ellis Island

Processing center for immigrants arriving in the US.

Nativism

Anti-immigrant sentiment favoring native-born citizens.

Boss Tweed

Corrupt leader of NYC's Tammany Hall political machine.

Tammany Hall

Political organization known for corruption in NYC. It provided jobs and services in exchange for votes

Political Machines

Groups controlling political parties through patronage and fraud.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Established 'separate but equal' doctrine in 1896.

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Merit-based system for government job appointments instead of patronage system/political affiliation

Contract Labor Law

Restricted temporary workers (immigrants likely to send money back to their country or move back = money doesn't stay in US economy) in favor of American workers

Patronage system

provided jobs and favors in exchange for votes

Vaqueros

Mexican cowboys

Homestead Act

offered free land to families who moved West

Reservations

land set aside for Native Americans created as settlers moved into Great Plains

Assimilation

reformers created schools to separate Native children from their people and Christianize them

Dawes Severalty Act

Bill that promised Indians tracts of land to farm in order to assimilate them into white culture. The bill was resisted, uneffective, and disastrous to Indian tribes

Ida B. Wells

campaigned against Jim Crow laws and fought for women's suffrage

WEB DuBois

wanted immediate end to segregation (now vs Booker Washington who wanted it slower)

National Grange Movement

social and education organization for farmers

Capitalism

means of production are privately owned for individual profit

Bessemer Process

transformed iron into stronger and lighter steel

Trunk Line

major route between large cities with smaller branched of track connecting to smaller towns

Federal land grants

federal gov gave railroad companies loans and land grants (subsidies) to build track

Trusts

use a board of trustees to manage a company. board of trustees--company manager--employee, employee, employee

Holding companies

oversee and manage other subsidy companies. holding company--company A, company B--company C, company D, company E

Horizontal integration

owning all of the companies that manufacture a good (monopolies)

Vertical integration

owning all of the steps of making and selling goods

Andrew Carnegie

steel monopoly, philanthropist, bessemer process, vertical integration

John D. Rockafeller

Standard Oil Company, vertical integration

Robber Barons

negative term used to describe monopolists because they hurt workers and consumers

JP Morgan

monopolized steel and railroad industries

Interstate Commerce Commission

allowed federal gov to investigate railroad business practices

Iron Law of Wages

raising wages increase working population, but increasing population leads to a decrease in wages

Socialism

economic and political system based on gov control of business/property and equal distribution of wealth

Settlement houses

provided social services to help relieve the effects of poverty

Waving the Bloody Shirt

reminded Union veterans of Civil War destruction caused by southern democrats

Mugwumps

Republicans who did not want to play spoils game

Stalwarts

supported political machines and against civil service reform

Half breeds

supported civil service reform

Ulysses S. Grant

republican, used Waving the Bloody Shirt, ignored scandal

Credit Mobiler Scandal

lied about true cost of building transcontinental railroad to receive more federal subsidies

Whiskey Ring

bribe gov officials to avoid paying excise tax

Soft money

wanted by debtors and farmers so they could borrow money at lower interest rates and pay off debt easier

Hard money

backed by gold and would hold value against inflation

Greenback

paper money not backed by specie, withdrew by Specie Resumption Act

Captain of Industry

positive term to describe monopolists

Ghost dance

Native American dance to end white domination of their land