Alcohols and Related Compounds

Alcohols and Related Compounds

These compounds denature CHONs and CHOs Structure-Activity Relationship

Increases

Effect of Alcohols and Related Compounds on CHONs and CHOs Structure-Activity Relationship (Increases or Decreases)

Antibacterial potencies of primary alcohols Staphylococcus aureus) _________ with MW up to C8

Decreases

Effect of Alcohols and Related Compounds on CHONs and CHOs Structure-Activity Relationship (Increases or Decreases)

Branching _________ antibacterial potency

Decreases

Effect of Alcohols and Related Compounds on CHONs and CHOs Structure-Activity Relationship (Increases or Decreases)

As water solubility ________, antimicrobial potency diminishes with MW

Decreases

Effect of Alcohols and Related Compounds on CHONs and CHOs Structure-Activity Relationship (Increases or Decreases)

Significant branching _________ water solubility

Isopropyl alcohol

This is a secondary alcohol but more effective than ethanol (a primary alcohol)

Alcohol, USP

This is also known as Spiritus vini rectificatus

Alcohol, USP

This is also known as wine spirit

Alcohol, USP

This is also known as ethyl alcohol

Alcohol, USP

This is also known as grain alcohol

Alcohol, USP

Uses: antiseptic, preservative, mild counterirritant, solvent

Alcohol, USP

This is the fermentation product from grain and other carbohydrate sources

Alcohol, USP

This undergoes a series of oxidative reactions in vivo

Alcohol, USP

This is the most widely abused of all recreational drugs

95%

Alcohol, USP - What is the concentration for Absolute alcohol?

NLT 99%

Alcohol, USP - What is the concentration for Dehydrated alcohol?

49-50%

Alcohol, USP - What is the concentration for diluted alcohol?

70%

Alcohol, USP - What is the concentration for rubbing alcohol

Rubbing alcohol

This alcohol is used as an astringent, rubefacient, refrigerant, mild local anesthetic 

Counterirritant

Term for producing surface irritation of the skin, thereby counteracting underlying discomfort.

Disulfiram

This prevents the conversion of acetaldehyde acetic acid which can discourage drinking alcohol

Denatured alcohol, USP

This is an ethanol that has been rendered unfit for use in intoxicating beverages.

Completely denatured alcohol

This is an alcohol with methanol and benzene

Completely denatured alcohol

This alcohol is unsuitable for internal and external use (causes blindness and carcinogenic)

Completely denatured alcohol

This alcohol is for industrial purposes only

Isopropyl alcohol

This alcohol is primarily used to disinfect the skin and surgical instruments

Isopropyl alcohol

This alcohol has a rapidly bactericidal range of 50%-95%

Isopropyl alcohol

This alcohol at 40% concentration in the concentration is considered to be equal in antiseptic power to a 60% ethanol

Methyl alcohol

This alcohol’s toxicity causes blindness due to the formation of formic acid (upon oxidation)

Methyl alcohol

This is also known as wood alcohol

Ethanol

This is the antidote for methyl alcohol (wood alcohol) toxicity which competes for the receptors

Ethylene oxide

This is an epoxide used to gas sterilize temperature-sensitive medical equipment and certain pharmaceuticals that cannot be autoclaved and is very toxic and carcinogenic

Ethylene oxide

MOA: alkylation of functional groups in nucleic acids and proteins of bacteria (nucleophilic ring opening)

Formaldehyde solution

This is also known as Formalin (Thermodent)

Formaldehyde solution

This contains NLT 37% of formaldehyde with METHANOL added to retard polymerization

Formaldehyde solution

This is used as a disinfectant and embalming fluid

Formaldehyde solution

MOA: direct and nonspecific alkylation of nucleophilic functional groups (amino, hydroxyl, and sulfhydryl) in proteins

Glutarol/Glutaraldehyde

This is a sterilizing solution for equipment and instruments that cannot be autoclaved.

Glutarol/Glutaraldehyde

This is known as Cidex®

Ethanol

Common alcohol found in alcoholic beverages

Acetaldehyde

Nausea and vomiting when drinking alcohol is due to the accumulation of _____

Glutarol/Glutaraldehyde