Biology vocabulary 14/01/25

Genetics

Scientific study of biological inheritance

Trait

Specific characteristics color or shape

Hybrid

Offspring crosses between parents with different contrasting characteristics

Genes

Characteristics factored by parents that were passed down generations

Alleles

Different forms of a single gene

Segregation

Separation between alleles

Gametes

Alleles for each gene separate from one another and carry only one

Heterozygous

2 different alleles for SAME gene

Phenotype

Same physical traits

Genotypes

Don’t have the same genetic material

Incomplete dominance

When one allele isn’t fully dominant over another

Homologous

2 set of chromosomes each of 4 chromosomes come from male parent and has corresponding chromosomes from the female parent

Diploid

A cell with 2 sets of homologous chromosome which means double

Meiosis

Process in which number of chromosomes are cut in half through the seperation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

Tetrad

A structure that is formed by pairing and has 4 chromatids

Crossing over

As the chromosomes pair sometimes they undergo crossing over and bits and pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged

Meiosis vs. mitosis

Meiosis has the homologous chromosomes separated and sister chromatids stay together but the mitosis sister chromatids are separated in the final