Chapter3_Part_1_Evaluating Hardware

Hardware

The physical components of a computer that allow it to operate, including devices such as wires, cases, switches, and electronic circuits.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

An integrated circuit that is primarily responsible for converting input (data) into meaningful output (information).

Random Access Memory (RAM)

A type of volatile memory used to temporarily store data and software that are being actively used by the computer.

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Permanent memory that is non-volatile and contains the BIOS, which initializes the hardware on the system and provides instructions for booting.

Multi-core Processor

A processor with multiple cores that can perform multiple tasks simultaneously, improving overall performance.

Virtual Memory

A memory management capability of an operating system that allows a computer to compensate for physical memory shortages by temporarily transferring data from RAM to a hard drive.

Peripheral Devices

Devices that connect to a computer to extend its capabilities, such as keyboards, mice, printers, and speakers.

Motherboard

The main circuit board of a computer that contains the CPU, memory, and other essential components.

Cache Memory

A small amount of high-speed volatile memory that stores frequently accessed data to speed up performance.

Bus

Embedded wires in a CPU that allow data to travel in and out of the CPU.