AP World Unit 1 and Unit 2 Flashcards

Song Dynasty

chinese dynasty that occured after the tang dynasty, explosion of scholarship led to Neo Confucianism, advances in agricultural and industrialness, which made China the richest and most populated region in the world

China’s economic revolution

rise in prosperity that took place during the Song Dynasty, marked by population growth, new internal waterways, and industrial and technological innovations

Hangzhou

capital city of the Song Dynasty, at its peak with a million people

Foot-binding

the process of wrapping young females feet to keep them small and delicate

Hangul

a phonetic alphabet developed in Korea in the fifteenth century in a move to get more cultural independence from China

Bushido

“the way of the warrior”, emphasizing bravery, loyalty, and death over surrender, all qualities of samurai

Tribute System

system where non-chinese authorities showed subordination and the payment of tribute- goods for other goods to the chinese emperor for better gifts

Chu Nom

variation of Chinese writing that became the basis for independent national lit, aka “southern script” and developed in Vietnam

Srivijaya

a malay kingdom that dominated in the Indian Ocean Trade and absorbed cultural influences from India

Madjapahit

southeast asian state that assimilated Hindu religious ideas on the Island of Java; peak power was 14th century

Angkor Wat

the largest religious structure built by the Angkor kingdom to express a Hindu understanding of cosmos

Abbasid Caliphate

An Arab dynasty of caliphs(successors to the prophets) who governed much of the Islamic world

Selijuk Turkic Empire

an empire between the 11th and 12th centuries; rules adopted title of sultan when they converted to Islam

Ottoman Empire

major Islamic state centered on Anatolia

Constantinople

new capital for Roman Empire; it’s highly defensible and economically important site helped ensure the city’s importance for many centuries

jizya

special tax paid by dhimmis (protected but second class subjects) in order for them to practice their own religion

al Andalus

Arabic name for Spain

Swahili Civilization

East African civilization that emerged as a commercial set of city states that were linked to the Indian Ocean trade network. They accumulated goods and traded with others.

West-African Civilization

series of prominent states that stretched from the Atlantic coast to Lake chad; developed in response to the Trans-Saharan trade netowrk

Mali

an important state within the West African civilization; monopolized the imports of horses and metals and heavily produced gold

slave trade

from 1100-1400, exporting enslaved West AFricans across the Sahara for sale in Islamic North American

Timbuktu

A major commercial city in the West African civilization and a noted center of Islamic scholarship and education

trans-saharan

a fairly small scale commerce in enslaved people that flourished

Byzantine Empire

one of the main centers of Christendom during the medieval centuries; it was a continuation of the Roman Empire and lasted for 1000 years

Ottoman seizure of Constantinople

Constantinople, the only outpost left of the Byzantine empire, fell to the army of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed 11 in 1453

Eastern Orthodox Christianity

branch of Christianity that developed in the Roman Empire and seperated from Eastern Europe; noted for the subordination of the church to political authorities, a married clergy, and the use of leavened bread in the Eucharist

Western Christendom

branch of Christianity aka Roman Catholicism; characterized by its independence from state and recognition by the pope

Kievan Rus

A culturally diverse civilization that emerged around the city of Kiev in the ninth century and adopted Christianity; linking it to the world of Eastern Orthodoxy

European Renaissance

a “rebirth” for classical learning associated with the blossoming of Italy, rediscovery of Greek and Roman learning, and had major developments in Art

feudalism

a highly fragmented and decentralized society where the power was held by the warrior landowning elite; lesser lords swore allegiance to higher lords and were called their vassals

Roman Catholic Church

Western Europe branch of Christianity w a major break in 1054 CE; believed in the pope as the ultimate authority

Maya Civilization

a major civilization of mesoamerica, known for the most elaborate writing system in the Americas and other intellectual and artistic achievements

Aztec Empire

Major state that developed in what is now Mexico, dominated by Mexica. Last and largest MesoAmerican states to emerge

Inca Empire

Western Hemisphere’s most imperial state: built by small community of Quechua-speaking people, stretching 2,500 miles with a population of 10 million

diaspora

the dispersion or spread of a people from their original homeland

Syncretism

the amalgation or attempted amalgation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought

Class-Stratification

occurs when a person is born into social ranking but can move up or down very easily; dependent on factors of wealth, power, and prestige

Manioralism

term used to describe the system of thousands of independent largely isolated landed states or manors where landowning lords exercised power

mita

labor service common in the Inca Empire which required a certain amount of labor from each household for the benefit of the Inca state

Silk Roads

a network of trade routes connecting East Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe: goods such as silk, spices, and metals

Dunhuang

an important oasis city in China that served as a major stopping point along the Silk Roads

Chinggis Khan

Mongol leader who united the Mongol tribes and created the Mongol Empire

Mongol World War

the period of Mongol conquest in the 1200s that connected and reshaped much of Eurasia’s warfare, trade, and communication

Kublai Khan

grandson of Chinggis Kan who ruled China and established the Yuan Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

Chinese dynasty that ruled from 1368- 1644, restored Chinese rule after the Mongol Yuan Dynasty; expanded trade and exploration

Black Death

a deadly plague that spread across Eurasia in the 1300s killing millions of people

Sea Roads

maritime trade routes spreading through the Indian Ocean

Great Zimbabwe

A powerful trading kingdom in South Eastern Africa known for its large structures and long distance trade

Melaka

An important port city in South Asia that controlled a major trade route

Zheng He

A chinese admiral who led large voyages across the Indian Ocean during the Ming Dynasty to expand Chinese influence and trade

Arabian Camel

a one humped animal used for transportation across deserts

House of Wisdom

A major center of learning in Baghdad where scholars translated and studies works in science, math, medicine, and philosophy

Crusades

A series of religious wars mainly between Christian Europeans and Muslims

American Web

A network of trade routes and connections among societies in the Americas that allowed goods, ideas, and technology to spread

Chaco Phenomenon

A complex society centered at Chaco canyon in present day New Mexico, known for large buildings, roads, trade, and cultural connection

pochtea

professional long distance merchants in the Aztec Empire who traded goods and sometimes acted as spies