Q3 Science QE - Sun and Other Stars

Diameter of Earth’s sun

1\.39 million km

A ___ is a massive ball of glowing hydrogen and helium of extremely high temperatures, held together by its own gravity.

Star

A process occrus wherein hydrogen is converted into helium and energy.

Thermonuclear fusion

Closest star to Earth next to the sun

Proxima Centauri

Characteristics to classify stars:

1. Brightness
2. color
3. temperature
4. size
5. composition

A star’s brightness is described in terms of its ___ and ___.

Magnitude, luminosity

The brightest stars were classified as ___.

first magnitude stars

The faintest stars were classified as ___.

sixth magnitude stars

This describes the rate at which a star radiates energy.

Luminosity

The color of a star ranges from ___ to ___ to ___ depending on surface temperature.

red, yellow, blue

The cooler stars appear ___.

Reddish

Hotter stars appear ___ to ___.

Bluish, white

The sun is a medium-sized star. (T or F)

T

It is a mid-range temperature star and it appears yellow.

Sun

Surface temperatures of stars are expressed in ___.

Kelvin

Astronomers express the size of stars in terms of the ___ or ___.

radius of the sun, solar radius

Stars can be larger or smaller than the sun. (T or F)

T

In terms of size, stars are classified as ___, ___, or ___.

dwarf, giant, super giant

Stars that are very small are known as ___.

Dwarf stars

These are twice to 10 times larger than the sun.

Giant stars

These are more than 10 times the size of the sun.

Super giant stars

Used to determine the characteristics of stars including their spectral class.

Hertzsprung-Russell diagram

Astronomers study the spectral lines detected by ___ to determine the composition of stars.

Spectroscopes

The light from a star that moves in a straight ___.

Line

The sections of the sky that contains there patterns are called ___.

Constellations

Numbers of constellations

88

Astronomers consider these contellations as ___ points.

reference

British astronomer who discovered that stars move and change position.

Edmond Halley

Constellations that can be seen all year round are called ___.

Circumpolar

Ursa Major is also known as ___.

Big bear

Ursa Minor is also known as ___.

Little bear

The third largest known constellation.

Ursa Major

This is a recognized, group of stars within a constellation or a cross of constellations.

Asterism

The Big Dipper has ___ stars.

7

A constellation named after a queen in Greek mythology.

Cassiopeia

Latin name for Swan, is the 16th largest constellation.

Cygnus

It is the Latin word for “cross”

Crux

It is the Latin for “keel”

Carina

Boat-shaped constellation

Argo Navis

2 movements of Earth that allow you to see specific constellations at certain time of the year.

1. Earth’s rotation around its axis
2. Earth’s revolution around the sun

This determines the influence of the state of the stars and the planet at the time of one’s birth on an invidivual’s destiny or future.

Astrology

It is a science that uses the principles of physics and mathematics to explain and predict the phenomenon of celestial bodies.

Astronomy

It is also known as the “Morning Star”

Venus

Also known as “shooting star” or “falling star”

Meteor

This occurs in the sun where hydrogen fuses to form helium, releasing energy.

Nuclear fusion