Biological Influences: Brain Imaging and Case Studies

VOCABULARY flashcards covering methods of studying the brain, including EEG, CT, MRI, fMRI, and significant case studies.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A device that detects, amplifies, and records electrical brain activity in the form of brainwaves using electrodes placed on the scalp.

Temporal Resolution

The ability of a brain imaging technique to capture changes in activity as they occur; EEG has excellent temporal resolution, capturing changes in milliseconds.

Spatial Resolution

The ability of a brain scan to pinpoint the exact location of activity; EEG has poor spatial resolution, while MRI has excellent spatial resolution.

Computed Tomography (CT)

A technique that uses X-rays to create cross-sectional, $3D$ computer-enhanced images of the brain, taking approximately $5-20\,minutes$.

Contrast Iodine

A substance injected into a patient during a CT scan to highlight the brain’s blood vessels and enable the interpretation of the image.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed $3D$ images of brain structure without exposure to radiation.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

An imaging technique that measures brain activity by monitoring blood flow and oxygen consumption to reveal areas of greater neural activity.

Phineas Gage

A famous case study subject used in research to understand how specific brain regions are responsible for different functions and behaviors.

Henry Molaison (HM)

A key case study mentioned in the research of brain function and the effects of brain injury.

Roger Sperry

A researcher known for conducting animal studies and split-brain studies to investigate how the brain functions.

Lashley

A researcher mentioned in the context of animal studies used to study the brain.

Non-invasive Procedure

A medical procedure that does not require entering the body; EEG, MRI, and fMRI are examples of non-invasive brain imaging.