Agricultrul science nutrients and eutrophication

What does NPK stand for?

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium

What is the role of Nitrogen (N)?

Promotes leaf and stem growth; essential for photosynthesis

What are symptoms of Nitrogen deficiency?

Light green to yellow leaves, especially older ones; stunted growth; poor fruit development

What is the role of Phosphorus (P)?

Supports root development and formation of flowers/seeds; helps energy transfer

What are symptoms of Phosphorus deficiency?

Slow development, poor root growth, poor flowering/fruiting, purplish leaves

What is the role of Potassium (K)?

Enhances water regulation and disease resistance; improves fruit quality

What are symptoms of Potassium deficiency?

Older leaves yellowing or browning around edges; poor growth; few/no flowers; vulnerable to disease

What is soil fertility?

The soil's ability to support plant growth by providing essential nutrients

Why do farmers test soil?

To check pH, nutrient levels (NPK), and organic matter so they can improve crop growth

What is the ideal pH range for most crops?

Between 6 and 7

What is eutrophication?

A process where excess nutrients run into waterways, causing algae blooms and harming aquatic life

What causes eutrophication?

Runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilisers and sewage

What is the first stage of eutrophication?

Excess nutrients enter water bodies from runoff and sewage

What is the second stage of eutrophication?

Nutrients cause rapid growth of algae and phytoplankton

What is the third stage of eutrophication?

Algae block sunlight, preventing underwater plant growth

What is the fourth stage of eutrophication?

Dead algae decompose, using up oxygen in the water

What is the fifth stage of eutrophication?

Low oxygen levels cause aquatic life to die

What is the final outcome of eutrophication?

Areas become lifeless and inhospitable (dead zones)

What is a key environmental impact of eutrophication?

Decrease in biodiversity

How can farmers prevent eutrophication?

Using buffer zones, crop rotation, and precision agriculture

What is precision agriculture?

Applying the right amount of fertiliser at the right time using technology

What are buffer zones?

Vegetated areas near waterways that reduce fertiliser runoff

How does crop rotation help soil health?

It naturally replenishes nutrients, reducing fertiliser need