Science Summer exam revision PAPER 2

What are energy stores?

Places where energy is kept

What is an energy transfer?

When energy moves from one store to another

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Energy can’t be made or destroyed

What is a Sankey diagram?

A diagram that shows how energy is used and wasted.

What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy?

Renewable energy won’t run out (like solar); non-renewable will (like coal).

Name a renewable energy source.

Solar

Name a non-renewable energy source.

Coal

What is a series circuit?

A circuit with one path for current to flow.

What is a parallel circuit?

A circuit with more than one path for current.

How is current measured?

With an ammeter

How is voltage measured?

With a voltmeter

What does resistance mean?

How hard it is for electricity to flow.

What is the formula for voltage?

Voltage = Current × Resistance (V = IR)

What is a chemical change?

A change that makes a new substance and can’t be easily reversed.

What is a physical change?

A change where no new substance is made and it's reversible.

What is a word equation?

A way to show a reaction using names (e.g. magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide).

What is combustion?

Burning something in oxygen to make heat and light.

What is an acid?

A substance with a pH less than 7 (e.g. lemon juice

What is an alkali?

A base that dissolves in water and has a pH more than 7 (e.g. bleach).

What does an indicator do?

It shows if a substance is an acid or alkali by changing colour.

What colour does litmus paper turn in acid?

Red.

What colour does litmus turn in alkali?

Blue.

What is universal indicator?

A special liquid that shows pH using lots of colours.

What is neutralisation?

When an acid and an alkali react to make a neutral substance (pH 7).

What is the word equation for neutralisation?

Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water.

Give an example of neutralisation

Using toothpaste (alkali) to neutralise acid on your teeth.

What is an ecosystem?

Living things and their environment working together.

What is a habitat?

The place where an organism lives.

What is a population?

A group of the same species living in one area.

What is a community?

All the living things in an area.

What are abiotic factors?

Non-living parts of an environment (like sunlight or water).

What are biotic factors?

Living parts of an environment (like animals and plants).

What is a producer?

A plant that makes its own food using sunlight.

What is a consumer?

An animal that eats plants or other animals.

What is a decomposer?

An organism like fungi that breaks down dead things.

What is a food chain?

A way to show who eats who in an ecosystem.

What is a food web?

Many food chains linked together.

Why might a population change?

Changes in food

What is sampling?

Studying a small area to learn about the whole area.

What is a quadrat?

A square used to count plants in one spot.

What is classification?

Grouping living things by similarities.

What is extinction?

When a species has no living members left.

What is a cause of extinction?

Hunting

Why is it good to save species?

It helps nature stay balanced and may help humans too.

What is acid rain?

Rain made acidic by pollution that harms plants and animals.