Biology: The Study of Life

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the study of biology, ranging from definitions of science and the scientific method to specific characteristics of living organisms.

Biology

The study of life.

Scientific Method

A method of research with defined steps that includes experiments and careful observation.

Hypothesis

A suggested explanation for an event, which one can test.

Theory

A tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena.

Inductive Reasoning

A form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion.

Deductive Reasoning

A form of logical thinking that uses a general principle to forecast specific results.

Basic Science

Science that seeks to expand knowledge regardless of its short-term application.

Applied Science

Form of science that aims to solve real-world problems.

Cell

The smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things.

Population

All of the individuals of a species living within a specific area.

Community

A set of populations inhabiting a particular area.

Ecosystem

All living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that environment.

Biosphere

The collection of all ecosystems on Earth.

Natural Sciences

Fields of science that study the physical world and its phenomena.

Falsifiable

Able to be disproven by experimental results.

Homeostasis

The ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions.

Macromolecule

A large molecule, typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules.

Organelle

Small structures that exist within cells and carry out cellular functions.

Prokaryote

A single-celled organism that lacks organelles and does not have nuclei surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

Eukaryote

Organisms with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.

Evolution

The process of gradual change in a population or species over time.

Phylogenetic Tree

A diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences.

Serendipity

Fortunate accident or a lucky surprise.

Peer-Reviewed Manuscript

A scientific paper that a scientist’s colleagues review who are experts in the field of study.

Variables

Part of an experiment that can vary or change.

Control

Part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment.

Abstract

Opening section of a scientific paper that summarizes the research and conclusions.