BIO-181 Exam 4
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35 Terms
What is an example of a closed circulatory system?
Humans!
What is an example of a closed circulatory system?
Humans!
An open circulatory system…
does not require vessels to contain fluids that circulate around organism
An example of an open circulatory system would be…
Wasps and most insects
What is a summary of the function of the human circulatory system?
Transport of nutrients (as it moves blood through the body), removal of wastes
Exchange of gases (O2 into the body & CO2 out of the body)
What do the vertebrate of the circulatory system do?
transport O2 from lungs to tissues, CO2 from tissues to lungs
Distributes nutrients from digestion to cells
Transport wastes to liver, which are detoxified and taken to kidneys for excretion
Distributes hormones from organs to tissues
Regulates body temperature with adjustments in blood flow
Clots blood to prevent blood loss with platelets
Circulates antibodies and white blood cells to protect from bacteria
Capillaries are…
responsible for exchanging nutrients, gases, and waste products between blood and tissues
What do capillaries allow?
Thin walls, allow for exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues
What is blood composed of?
Plasma, a buffy coat, hematocrit
What is plasma made up of?
Water, proteins, nutrients, and hormones
The majority of blood is…
Plasma
A buffy coat is made up of…
White blood cells, platelets
White blood cells are
leukocytes that fight off infection
Red blood cells are
erythrocytes (hematocrit)
Platelets are
Tiny, sticky structures that clot blood to prevent blood loss
Normal blood has what percentage of hematocrit to plasma?
37-47% hematocrit in females, 42-52% hematocrit in males
what happens to hematocrit in anemic blood?
Depressed hematocrit %
what happens to hematocrit in polycythemic blood?
Elevated hematocrit %
Blood diseases include…
Malaria, dengue fever
What happens to blood in malaria?
red blood cells are bursted open by parasite, less red blood cells means less oxygen in the body
What happens to blood in dengue fever?
Debilitated platelets
The aorta is…
The largest artery in the heart (upside down U shape!)
A- means…
Bringing blood away from the heart
Arteries….
Come after the aorta, second smallest arteries
What comes after arteries?
Arterioles
The veinous system is made up of
Superior and inferior vena cava
Veins come…
Directly after vena cava
What comes after veins?
Venules
The right side of the heart is and
Arterial, red
The left side of the heart is and
Venal, blue
Where do arterials and venules meet?
Important organs of the body that need blood supply and/or waste to be removed
Arteries are and
Round, thick
Why are arteries thick?
To stabilize and keep pressure of blood when it comes out of the heart
Veins are and
Thin, oblong
How do venous valves work?