NCM 121 REVIEWER

Disaster Nursing

The specialized field of nursing that focuses on providing care during catastrophic events or emergencies.

Meteorological Disasters

Catastrophic events caused by weather-related phenomena such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and winter storms.

Geological Disasters

Catastrophic events caused by geological factors like earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides.

Biological Disasters

Catastrophic events caused by biological agents such as emerging diseases or pandemics.

Hurricane Katrina

A devastating hurricane that hit the US Gulf Coast in 2005, causing significant damage and loss of life.

Hurricane Florence

A powerful hurricane that caused catastrophic damage in the Carolinas in 2018.

California Wildfires

Unprecedented wildfires in California in 2019 that were fueled by drought and exacerbated by climate change.

Natural Disasters

Catastrophic events caused by natural forces like weather, geology, or biology.

Man-made Disasters

Catastrophic events caused by human activities or negligence.

Health Disaster

A catastrophic event that overwhelms healthcare resources and results in casualties.

Flood

An overflow of water that can cause significant damage to property and pose health risks.

Drought

Prolonged periods of dry weather that can lead to environmental degradation and crop failure.

Extreme Heat and Cold

Abnormal temperatures that can pose health risks such as heatstroke or hypothermia.

Climate Change

Global phenomenon leading to rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and environmental disruptions.

Tornadoes

Violently rotating columns of air extending from thunderstorms to the ground.

Earthquakes

Sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface.

Hurricanes and Tropical Storms

Powerful storms characterized by high winds, heavy rain, and storm surges.

Biological or Infectious Disease Outbreak

A disaster that increases the risk of transmittable disease spread during and after its occurrence.

Tsunamis

Also known as seismic sea waves, they exist deep below the ocean's surface and can cause deadly intensity in the form of earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruption.

Natural Infectious or Biological Diseases

All infectious diseases of humans that emerge and re-emerge, leading to outbreaks occurring cyclically over time and considered naturally occurring unless bioterrorism features are noticed.

Unnatural Infectious or Biological Diseases

Diseases caused by microorganisms altered or created to increase harm, such as volcanic eruptions destroying forests, agricultural lands, and entire communities.

Deliberate Biological Infectious Diseases

Intentional diseases caused by microorganisms like viruses or bacteria released to cause disease and death in humans.

Accidental Infectious Diseases

Outbreaks caused by negligence, lack of biosafety standards, or accidental release of pathogens, leading to infectious disease outbreaks.

Man-made or Anthropogenic Disasters

Disasters caused by human activities like biological and biochemical terrorism, chemical spills, radiological events, and accidents.

Synergistic Disaster

The exposure of something of human value due to a combination of natural and human-made disasters, often referred to as NA-TECHs.

Predictability of Disasters

Categorized based on their onset, impact, and duration, with earthquakes having a sudden onset, hurricanes sudden impact, and droughts having a more gradual onset and prolonged impact.

Internal Disasters

The interference with normal hospital operations due to injuries, deaths of personnel, or damage to the facility itself, often caused by events like fires, power failures, or chemical spills.

Pacific Ring of Fire

A region where the Philippine Sea and Eurasian Tectonic Plates meet, known for its high seismic activity, earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.

Geotectonic Setting

The geological and tectonic characteristics of a region that influence its susceptibility to natural hazards like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis.

Climate Change

The long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a region, leading to rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, and environmental impacts like sea-level rise and increased storm intensity.

Disaster Risk Profile

The assessment of a country's vulnerability to natural hazards, including the likelihood of disasters occurring and the potential impacts on the population, infrastructure, and environment.

Pacific Typhoon Belt

A region along the Pacific Ocean where typhoons frequently occur, leading to various weather disturbances and posing risks to countries located in this belt.

Deforestation

The clearing of forests at an alarming rate, leading to environmental degradation, increased flood risks, landslides, and loss of biodiversity.

Disaster Resilience

The ability of a community, country, or organization to withstand, adapt to, and recover from the impacts of disasters, minimizing losses and maintaining essential functions.

Climate Change Adaptation

Strategies and actions taken to adjust to the changing climate conditions, reduce vulnerabilities, and build resilience to the impacts of climate change.

Disaster Planning

Involves the immediate response to the effects of an event, providing assistance or aid when outside sources of aid have not yet arrived or needs can be satisfied by the immediate community.

Mass Casualty Event

A situation with a number of casualties that significantly overwhelms available emergency medical services, facilities, and resources.

Vulnerability Analysis

Used to determine who is most likely to be affected, the property most likely to be damaged or destroyed, and the capacity of the community to deal with the effects of a disaster.

Mitigation

An action taken to prevent or reduce the harmful effects of a disaster on human health or property, involving future-oriented activities to prevent subsequent disasters or minimize their effects.

Risk Assessment

Uses hazard identification and vulnerability analysis to determine the probability of a specific outcome from a given hazard that affects a community with known vulnerabilities and coping mechanisms.

Recovery Stage

Involves restoration, reconstitution, and mitigation after a disaster, including rebuilding, replacing lost or damaged property, and returning to normal life.

Disaster Management Cycle

Refers to the phases of preimpact, impact, and postimpact, which include activities such as planning, response, recovery, and evaluation to manage a disaster effectively.

Mitigation

Involves measures taken to reduce the harmful effects of a disaster by attempting to limit its impact on human health, infrastructure, and the economy.

Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

A document outlining objectives, policies, and procedures for managing a response to emergencies, ensuring a systematic and coordinated approach.

Risk Assessment

The process of identifying risks, prioritizing them based on community needs, and implementing strategies to minimize potential harm.

Public Health Event

Any event with negative consequences for human health, including those that have the potential to cause disease through exposure to contaminated sources.

Disaster Management Agencies

Organizations responsible for coordinating preparedness and response to various emergencies, including natural and technological hazards.

Risk Communication

Describes how an agency communicates with the community to help individuals make informed decisions to address potential emergency risks.

Health Care Coalition

A group that supports collaboration between health care agencies to assist the community during planning, response, and recovery efforts.

Mass Casualty Incident (MCI)

An event overwhelming the local health care system with casualties exceeding local resources, requiring coordinated response efforts.

Emergency Operations Plan (EOP)

A strategic framework for emergency preparedness that provides guidance for member regional offices and countries in the emergency planning process.

World Health Organization (WHO)

An international organization responsible for responding to public health events and emergencies, providing guidance on risk assessment, situation analysis, and coordination with stakeholders.

Risk Assessment

The process of identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing risks to enable effective emergency response planning.

Mitigation and Prevention

Actions taken before a disaster to reduce its impacts, including structural and non-structural mitigation strategies.

Hazard Identification

The process of identifying potential hazards that could lead to emergencies or disasters.

Vulnerability Analysis

Assessing the susceptibility of a community or system to harm from identified hazards.

Disaster Preparedness

Measures and plans put in place to prepare for and respond to disasters, including training, warning systems, resource inventories, and evacuation plans.

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

Strategies and measures aimed at reducing the vulnerability of communities and infrastructure to natural hazards.

Preparedness

A continuous and integrated process involving various activities and resources taken before the onset of a disaster to enable effective emergency response.

Capacity Building

Developing the technical and managerial capacity of governments, organizations, and communities to enhance disaster preparedness and response.

Disaster Risk Reduction

The process of reducing the damage caused by natural or man-made hazards through various strategies and measures.

Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

A conference attended by various countries to discuss disaster risk reduction strategies and initiatives in the Asian region.

Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

Tools used to capture, store, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data.

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)

A radar technique used in geodesy and remote sensing to determine the topography and deformation of the Earth's surface.

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

A 15-year voluntary, non-binding agreement which recognizes that the State has the primary role to reduce disaster risk.

Hazard Exposure

The degree to which a system is exposed to a hazard.

Vulnerability Mapping

Identifying and mapping areas or populations that are more susceptible to the impacts of disasters.

Resilience

The ability of a system or community to withstand and recover from the impacts of disasters.

Multi-hazard Management

The approach to managing various types of hazards and risks simultaneously to reduce overall vulnerability.

Transcript

A written or printed version of spoken words or dialogue.

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

The process of reducing the impact of disasters on society through prevention, mitigation, preparedness, and vulnerability reduction.

DRR-CCA Integration

The effective integration of disaster risk considerations with climate change adaptation into sustainable development policies, planning, and programming at all levels.

RA 10121

A national policy and legal framework for disaster risk reduction in the Philippines.

Early Warning Systems

Systems in place to monitor, assess, and disseminate information on key hazards to enhance preparedness and response to disasters.

Community Participation

Involving local communities in disaster risk reduction planning and decision-making processes to build resilience at the grassroots level.

Multi-Risk Assessments

Research methods and tools used to assess and analyze various risks, including natural hazards and climate change impacts, to inform disaster risk reduction strategies.

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)

A national multi-sectoral platform in the Philippines responsible for coordinating disaster risk reduction and management efforts.

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

The systematic approach to identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks of disasters to lessen their impacts on society.

Multi-risk assessments

Research methods and tools used to evaluate and analyze various risks that a community or region may face, helping in decision-making processes.

Cost-benefit analysis

A method used to compare the costs of a project or decision with the benefits it is expected to bring, aiding in determining its feasibility and effectiveness.

HFA (Hyogo Framework for Action)

A guideline adopted to reduce vulnerabilities to natural hazards and disasters, aiming to make participating countries more resilient and better equipped to manage such risks.

DRRM (Disaster Risk Reduction and Management)

The integration of disaster risk reduction principles into policies, plans, and programs to enhance preparedness, response, and recovery from disasters.

Code Gray

A hospital emergency code activated for a combative or violent patient who poses a threat to themselves or others, requiring specific protocols for staff to ensure safety.

De-escalation

Techniques used to manage potentially hostile situations, involving actions to reduce tension and aggression by creating a safe and respectful environment.

Combative Patient

A patient who becomes physically or verbally aggressive, posing a threat to themselves, other patients, visitors, or staff.

Restraint

Physical intervention used to manage situations involving agitated or violent patients, involving the use of physical force like handcuffs, straps, or blankets.

C-A-R-E

An acronym used in Code Gray scenarios, involving Communicating with the patient, Assessing the situation, Responding with appropriate strategies, and Ensuring safety.

P-R-E-V-A-I-L

An acronym for active threat response steps, including Prepare, Recognize, Evaluate, Verify, Assess, Intervene, and Learn.

Code Yellow

A hospital emergency code indicating a missing or lost patient or visitor, triggering specific procedures for staff to locate and ensure their safety.

Call 911

Hospital staff should immediately ___ to report incidents and provide information about the patient and hospital's location.

Activate the emergency response plan

When an external disaster is imminent or has occurred, the hospital's emergency response plan should be _____.

Coordinate with law enforcement

Hospital security may work closely with law enforcement to provide updates and information, assisting in the investigation.

Evacuate or shelter in place

Depending on the severity of the disaster, hospital staff may need to evacuate patients to safe areas within the hospital or transfer them to other facilities.

Code Green

A code activated when an external disaster like a tornado or hurricane affects the hospital, indicating the need for specific emergency responses.

Secure the facility

Hospital staff should ensure the facility is secured by locking doors and windows, and safeguarding essential equipment and supplies.

Monitor the situation

Hospital staff should closely monitor the situation, adjusting responses as needed based on new information or changing conditions.