Personal Development in the Arts III

The Skeletal System

is the framework of bones and cartilage that provides support, protection, and structure to the human body. It also plays a crucial role in movement, blood cell production, and mineral storage.

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Two main parts of the skeletal system

Axial Skeleton

is the portion of the skeleton that consists of the bones along the central axis of the body. It includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column (spine), and rib cage.

The Skull

bony structure of the head, which encases and protects the brain.

The Cranium

is the top part of the skull and surrounds and protects the brain. It is made up of several bones that are fused together

- frontal

- parietal

- temporal

- occipital

frontal bone

forms the forehead.

temporal bones

are located on each side and house the ear structures.

parietal bones

form the top and sides of the skull

occipital bone

forms the back and base of the skull and has an opening called the foramen magnum through which the spinal cord passes.

Facial Bones

make up the lower part of the skull and give shape to the face.

206

Total bones of an adult

270

Total bones of a baby

maxilla

forms the upper jaw and part of the eye sockets

mandible

is the lower jaw and is the only movable bone in the skull. It houses the lower teeth

zygomatic bones

form the cheekbones.

nasal bones

form the bridge of the nose

lacrimal bones

are located near the eyes and contribute to the eye sockets.

palatine bones

form part of the hard palate in the mouth.

vomer

is a single bone in the nasal cavity.

Sutures

are fibrous bands of tissue that connect the bones of the skull. They are immovable joints that provide stability to the skull.

sagittal suture

between the parietal bones

coronal suture

between the frontal and parietal bones

lambdoid suture

between the parietal and occipital bones

foramina and openings

allow for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

foramen magnum

allows the spinal cord to pass through.

optic foramina

house the optic nerves

external acoustic meatus

is the opening leading to the ear canal

Vertebral Column (Spine)

is a flexible, segmented structure of vertebrae that extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis in humans.

cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7)

is located in the neck.

the atlas

The first cervical vertebra. supports the skull and allows for nodding (yes) motion.

the axis

The second cervical vertebra. allows for rotation of the head (shaking the head side to side).

Thoracic Region (T1 - T12)

consists of twelve thoracic vertebrae. articulates with a pair of ribs, forming the thoracic cage that protects the organs in the chest.

Lumbar Region (L1 to L5)

is located in the lower back.are larger and more robust, providing support for the weight of the upper body

Sacral Region (S1 to S5)

that are fused together to form the sacrum.

Sacrum

articulates with the pelvic bones and contributes to the formation of the pelvis.

Coccygeal Region

is composed of four small coccygeal vertebrae that fuse to form the coccyx, or tailbone.

Intervertebral Discs

These are fibrocartilaginous discs located between adjacent vertebrae. They act as shock absorbers and provide flexibility to the spine.

Curvatures

has natural curvatures that help distribute body weight and maintain balance.

- cervical lordosis (concave forward)

- thoracic kyphnosis (convex forward)

- lumbar lordosis (concave forward)

Spinal Cord and Nerves

The vertebral column encases and protects the ___, which is a crucial part of the central nervous system.

Facets Joints

These are synovial joints between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae. They contribute to the flexibility of the spine

Rib Cage

consists of ribs, sternum (breastbone), and costal cartilages. It protects the organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and lungs.

Appendicular Skeleton

is so named because it consists of the appendages or limbs, as well as the girdles that attach them to the ____

Pectoral Girdle

This includes the clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade). It connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

Upper Limbs

consists of the humerus (upper arm), radius and ulna (forearm), carpals (wrist bones), metacarpals (palm bones), and phalanges (finger bones).

Pelvic Girdle

consists of the hip bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis) and supports the trunk of the body. It also protects reproductive and digestive organs.

Lower Limbs

consists of the femur (thigh bone), tibia and fibula (lower leg bones), tarsals (ankle bones), metatarsals (foot bones), and phalanges (toe bones).

Joints

allow for movement.

hinge joints

allowing movement in one direction, like the knee

ball-and-socket joints

(allowing movement in multiple directions, like the shoulder

pivot joints

allowing rotation, like the joint between the atlas and axis vertebrae in the neck

bone marrow

It is involved in the storage and release of minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, and plays a crucial role in blood cell production through the __

PHYSICAL HEALTH

This includes maintaining good posture, staying active, and avoiding injuries related to repetitive movements or prolonged periods of sedentary work. Regular exercise, ergonomic work setups, and proper nutrition can all contribute to physical well-being.

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

• Tendonitis

• Back and Neck pain

• Eye strain

• Shoulder injuries

• Hand and Wrist Strain

• Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSI)

• Muscle Cramps and Fatigue

COMMON INJURIES OF AN ARTIST

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

is a common condition among artists who use their hands extensively, such as painters, illustrators, and graphic designers. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand, becomes compressed at the wrist, leading to pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and arm.

TENDONITIS

Artists who engage in repetitive motions, such as drawing, painting, or sculpting, may develop _____, which is inflammation of the tendons. This can cause pain, stiffness, and swelling in the affected area, typically the wrist, elbow, or shoulder

NECK AND BACK PAIN

Prolonged periods of sitting or standing in one position while working on art can lead to ___.

EYE STRAIN

Staring at a canvas, computer screen, or other work surface for extended periods can cause __, which may result in headaches, blurred vision, dry eyes, and discomfort.

SHOULDER INJURIES

Artists who work with their arms raised for long periods, such as painters and sculptors, may experience shoulder injuries, including rotator cuff tears, impingement syndrome, or frozen shoulder

HAND AND WRIST STRAIN

artists may experience general hand and wrist strain from gripping tools, brushes, or other implements too tightly or for too long.

REPETITIVE STRESS INJURIES (RSIS)

can affect various parts of the body, including the hands, wrists, arms, shoulders, neck, and back. These injuries develop over time due to repetitive motions and can cause pain, inflammation, and reduced mobility

MUSCLE CRAMPS AND FATIGUE

Extended periods of drawing, painting, or sculpting without breaks can lead to muscle cramps and fatigue in the hands, arms, and shoulders.

MENTAL HEALTH

Creativity often intertwines with ____.many artists may experience periods of heightened stress, anxiety, depression, or other mental health challenges.

STRESS

is defined as a reaction of the mind and body to a stimulus that disturbs the well-being, state of calm, or equilibrium of a person. There is a common belief that stress is unhealthy, but discussions among experts conclude that this is not entirely the case.

STRESS AS STIMULUS

is caused by situations that may be life-threatening or life-changing, such as separation, moving into a new home, or having a new job. These situations or events are often called stressors.

STRESS AS A RESPONSE

is the way the body reacts to challenging situations. This involves the interactions between the hormones, glands, and nervous system where the adrenal gland drives the production of cortisol or better known as "stress hormone". Norepinephrine

STRESS AS RELATIONAL

is when a person experiencing stress takes back to look at the situation that is causing the stress and assesses it.

• Overthinking

• Hypersomnia and Insomnia

• Irritable

• Isolation

• Stress eating/not eating

• Low Energy

• Reduced ability to concentrate

EFFECTS OF STRESS

Eustress and Distress

Two types of stress

Eustress

Acts as a motivator and increases productivity

Distress

De-motivator and decreases productivity

SHORT TERM STRESS

is short and sporadic can propel a person to a necessary action.

ARTS IN HEALTH

is a diverse, multidisciplinary field dedicated to transforming health and the healthcare experience through the arts.

Epithelial Tissue

covers the surfaces of the body, both inside and outside, and serves various functions such as protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation.

Connective Tissue

is a diverse and widespread tissue type that provides structural support, connects and binds tissues and organs, and contributes to various physiological functions.

Muscle Tissue

Its primary function is to generate force and movement. is responsible for various voluntary and involuntary movements of the body, such as walking, talking, and the beating of the heart.

Nervous Tissue

is a fundamental type of tissue that makes up the nervous system. It plays a crucial role in receiving, transmitting, and processing information throughout the body.

Brain

The central organ of the nervous system, responsible for processing information, controlling movements, and regulating various bodily functions.

Heart

A muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the circulatory system, supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs.

Lungs

Organs involved in the respiratory system, responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood.

Liver

A vital organ that performs various functions, including detoxification, metabolism of nutrients, and production of bile.

Kidneys

Paired organs that filter and excrete waste products from the blood, regulate electrolyte balance, and maintain fluid balance.

Stomach

Part of the digestive system, where food is broken down and partially digested by gastric juices.

Small Intestines

Plays a major role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Large Intestine (Colon)

Absorbs water and electrolytes, forming and storing feces.

Skin

The largest organ of the body, providing a protective barrier, regulating temperature, and participating in sensory functions.

Leonardo da Vinci

was the first individual to study skinless cadavers. The human form was the primary topic of painting during the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Investigations on creating the most accurate depiction resulted from this intense curiosity about the figure.

Industrial Hygiene

anticipate health and safety concerns and design solutions to prevent them. They are the guardians of workplace safety, applying science to identify and solve health and safety problems. Industrial hygienists also unite management, workers, and all segments of a company behind the common goal of health and safety

Ergonomic

, is to reduce stress and eliminate injuries associated with bad posture, overuse of muscles, and repeated tasks.

Noise

wanted and unwanted sound - can lead to hearing loss for workers. separating workers from noisy machinery as much as possible, and using devices, such as ear muffs or ear plugs, to protect workers.

Temperature

Prolonged exposure to low temperatures can lead to hypothermia or frostbite. Workers should be allowed to wear warm clothing, and take breaks in warmer temperatures when possible.

Indoor air quality

can cause issues ranging from chronic coughs to nausea to severe headaches. Proper ventilation is important to ensure that fresh air is brought into the work area and air filtering in an HVAC system can help remove contaminants from the air.

Chemical exposure

can take many forms, from liquid to fumes to dusts, and can be absorbed, inhaled, or ingested into a worker's system. Some common chemicals that can potentially be hazardous are cleaning products, gasoline, and pesticides. These precautions include ventilation, personal hygiene such as hand washing, which can reduce the amount of chemicals absorbed by the skin, and maintaining equipment in order to prevent leaks and breakdowns.

Radiation

- non ionizing and ionizing

- Exposure to ionizing radiation should be limited as much as possible, and workers should be shielded from radiation by materials such as lead or concrete.

Biological hazards

Proper hygiene such as hand washing, ventilation, personal protective equipment such as gloves or respirators, and in certain cases, isolation of the hazard, can all help minimize the risks associated with biological hazards.