AICE Global Perspectives Paper 1 Terms Review

Types of data

3 statistical, 2 expert, and 1 first hand

Primary Source

evidence that is based on original think or original form.

Secondary source

evidence that has been analyzed or interpreted from its primary source

Weakness to Secondary Sources?

could be biased

Quantitative data

Numbers present in charts or graphs

Weakness to quanitative data?

not enough description of detail

Strength of quantitative data

numbers are more reliable because they strongly enforce the evidence than weaker claims to increase reliability and can provide a clear basis for analysis.

Qualitative data

describes characteristics or qualities of phenomena, often gathered through interviews, surveys, or observations.

Strength of Qualitative data?

It is straight forward with depth of detail

Weakness to Qualitative data?

can be subjective/biased like a personal experience that may not be representative of a larger population or situation.

Informed Opinion/Expertise

opinion of someone who is an acknowledged expert in their field.

Weakness of Expert data?

Potential for bias based on personal opinions or limited perspectives within their field, which can affect the reliability of their conclusion.

Can be too analytical and speak in ways that are hard to understand for others.

Strength of Expert data?

the deep knowledge and insight provided by a qualified expert, offering valuable context and informed perspectives that enhance understanding of complex issues.

Selective evidence

leaving out details about what happened for a stronger conclusion

Weakness of selective evidence?

leaves out anything that will make the conclusion challenge, which increases the possibility of bias.

Strength of selective evidence?

can support a specific argument by emphasizing certain facts while ignoring others, leading to a more persuasive conclusion.

Corroborative

Do other sources say the same thing and support the same view? This means checking multiple sources to see if they align or agree on a specific point or claim.

Strength in corroborative data?

additional support for a claim by confirming it through multiple sources, enhancing reliability and credibility.

Weakness of Corroborative data?

can arise when sources fail to provide clear agreement, leading to ambiguity or confusion about the validity of the claim.

Unsourced Evidence

evidence that isn’t supported by a source so its not credible

Weakness of unsourced evidence?

It lacks credibility and cannot be verified, making it appear unreliable and potentially undermining the authors argument.

The absence of a source may lead to misinformation or misinterpretation of the data.

Relevant evidence

is information that directly supports an argument or claim, helping to establish its validity and strength.

Strength of relevant evidence ?

It enhances the credibility of the argument, providing a solid basis for conclusions and builds trust in the author's claims.

Irrelevant evidence

is information that does no relate to the argument or claim which decreases its validity and potentially confusing the audience.

Weaknesses of irrelevant evidence?

May be out of dat

May not apply to other places/countries/cultures

Personal testimony/anecdote/values may not apply to other regions.

Value Judgement (type of statement)

a view or belief about what is important; reference to ethics and morals that often influences decision-making and perceptions.

Prediction (type of statement)

a claim about something that is likely to happen in the future based on current evidence or trends.

Opinion (type of statement)

a subjective belief or perspective that reflects personal feelings, preferences, or interpretations, often lacking empirical evidence.

Fact (type of statement)

an objective statement that can be proven through evidence, observations, or data.

Correlation

a statistical relationship between 2 variables, meaning that when one variable changes, the other variable tends to change as well, though this does not imply causation.

A positive correlation

as one variable increases, the other one also increases

A negative correlation

as one variable increases, the other decreases

First Hand data

Provides a direct eye-witness testimony to show the key details of the data.

Weakness of First hand Data?

can be interpreted in a multitude of way — elderly and children are less reliable because of memory can affect the accuracy of the data.

Strength of first hand data?

It provides direct evidence from the source, which can enhance the reliability and validity of the information collected.

Judgement Template

Overall, the essay presents a (well/weak) structured argument with (strong/weak) evidence that effectively supports its claims . The use of (un/credible) sources and (ir/relevant) examples (strengthens/weakens) the essay’s persuasiveness, making its points more convincing. However, some (weaknesses/strengths), such as a (lack/abundance) of diverse perspectives and occasional reliance on (less/more) authorities sources, slightly undermining its effectiveness. To improve, the essay could incorporate more (counterargument/reliable dated sources). Despite these (flaws/ strengths), the evidence is generally (solid/unreliable), making the essay a (un/compelling) and (un/thoughtful) analysis of the topic

Questions on the authors perspective (Q3)

• What is the authors viewpoint on the issues?

• Are they presenting a balanced perspective or a strong opinion?

• Are they representing a specific group or region?

Questions on evidence (Q3)

• What type of evidence is used (statistics, case studies, expert opinions, anecdotes)?

• Is the evidence relevant, reliable, and sufficient to support the argument?

Questions on Target audience (Q3)

• Who is the intended audience for the piece?

• How does the language/tone cater to this audience?

• Does the author tailor their argument to resonate with that audience's values or beliefs?

• What assumptions about the audience are made?

Questions on bias present? (Q3)

• Does the author show any clear bias towards a particular viewpoint?

• Does this bias skew the presentation of facts or sway the reader's perception?

Questions of global scope of the argument? (Q3)

• Does the document focus on a local, national, or global perspectives.

• How does it apply to global issues or perspectives?

• Does the argument consider different viewpoints from around the world?

Question on the reliability? (Q3)

• Does the author evaluates the credibility and trustworthiness of the sources used in the argument.

• Is evidence presented accurate and is information is supported by reputable references.

Template of judgement to which document presents a stronger overall argument: (Q3)

In comparing research papers A and B, it is evident that document (A/B) presents a stronger argument due to its (comprehensive/narrow) perspectives with (robust/limited) evidence. It targets (audience) with (detailed/simplistic) analysis and (credible/questionable) sources, despite (minor/major) bias. Conversely, Document (A/B) focuses on (global/local) issues with (statistical, expert, firsthand) evidence, aiming at a (specific) audience. Its (broader/narrower) scope and (more/less) reliable data make it (more/less) persuasive overall.

Academic appeal

sources rely heavily on logic, facts, data, and credible evidence to persuade the reader.

Weakness of academic appeal?

Can lack persuasive power and emotional connection; dry or boring depending on target audience.

Strength of Acdemic appeal?

Its logical reasoning and evidence, high credibility, easy to follow, well structured, minimizes personal bias, focuses on facts.

Emotional appeal

Aims to evoke feelings or personal connections to sway the audience, often using language that triggers emotional responses like sympathy, fear, or hope.

Strengths of emotional appeal?

Powerfully engages audience into beliefs or personal values, leaves lasting impression

Weakness of Emotional appeal?

Can be used to exploit emotions and bypass logical reasoning, potentially undermining the arguments validity.