for the topics na nahihirapan ka

ad hominem

• attacks character or personal traits of individual instead of the argument itself

• “Kung ako di straightforward ikaw homo!”

ad baculum

• appeal to force or violence

• using the threat of force to advance an argument

• ‘Ill shove a stick so far up your bum if you contradict me’

Appeal to pity

• using emotion such as pity or sympathy

• ex. “If you don’t come here right not id cry!!”

ad populum

• appeal to majority of popularity

• idea is accepted because a lot of people accept it

• ex. Eternals is bad

ad antiquities

• antiques → old

• appeal to tradition

• idea is acceptable because it has been true for a long time

• ex. old people are always right

fallacy of composition

• assuming that what is true of a part is true for the whole

• p → “napakayabang ng SDA15”

• part to whole → composed of

• ex. person A is gay and from st scho → all ppl from st scho are gay

fallacy of division

• what is true for the whole is true for its parts

• ex. Scholasticans are gay → speciic person B is gay

begging the question

• aka circular reasoning

• all ur questions lead to each other

• ex. Im a fresh grad and i need a job → we can acceot you but we need experience → but im a fresh grad → yes but we need experience

post hoc

• assuming cause and effect between unrelated events

• more people get the flu when its cold so the cold causes the flu

• post → effect

bias

• personal views of person presenting it

• not errors in reasoning but it influences which affects the views of people

correspondence bias

• judge person’s personality based on their actions without rehard for external factors or influences

confirmation bias

look for and accpet info that confirms one’s own beliefs and reject ideas that go agsint it

• gusto ko yung akin lang

• Cherry picking

conflict of interest

• when a persons judgement is influenced by secondary interest that can typically bring personal benefit

• ex. anak ka ng teacher tapos teacher mo siya sa isang subject

cultural bias

analyzing an even or issue based on one’s cultural standards

framing bias

focusing on a certain aspect while ignoring other aspects

• 60% rain and 40% sunshine → theyre the same thing

Pythagoras

• 570 BCE to 495 BCE

• mathematician and scientist

• formulated the Pythagorean theorem

Heraclitus

• 535 BCE - 475 BCE

• everything exists based on a higher order or a plan - logo

Democritus

• 460 BCE - 370 BCE

• study of the causes of natural phenomena

Diogenes of Sinope

• 412 to 323 BCE

• advocate of living a simple and virtuous life

Epicurus

• 341 BCE - 270 BCE

• Philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness - hedonism

Socrates

• 470 BCE - 399 BCE

• foremost philosophers of ancient times

• made Socratic method

Plato

• 427 BCE - 347 BCE

• Student of Socrates - wrote his mentor’s teachings and incorporated some of them into his own ideas

• Theory of Forms

• Dialectic method

• Founded the idea of school or academy - an institution of higher learning

  • The idea of a school system. Having numerous subjects for your to find your interest and make a contribution to society

Aristotle

• 384 BCE - 322 BCE

• student of Plato

• all ideas are based on perception and our reality is based on what we can sense and perceive

• studies in logic — formal process of analyzing reasoning

  • gave rise to deductive reasoning

    • general to specific'

  • Contributed to the scientific method

Man

• generally represents the entire human race

human

• humans (homo sapiens)

• the most common and widespread species of primate, last surviving species of the genus Homo

human being

a culture bearing primate classified in the genus Homo, especially the species H. sapiens

person

• an indiv with self awareness, determination, rational mind, and the ability to interact with others

human person

• a physical body and includes a soul, mind and spirit

• have rights and privileges