p1: muscular system

pectoralis major

pectorals

biceps brachii

biceps

external obliques

outside of abs

wrist flexors

inner forearm

tibialis anterior

shins

posterior deltoid

back deltoid

trapezius

triangular muscle inbetween shoulders

triceps brachii

triceps

latissimus dorsi

either side of the back

gluteus medius

hip flexors

gluteus maximus

bum

biceps femoris

hamstring

gastrocnemius

shins

soleus

heel

teres major

either side of the trapezius

wrist extensors

outer forearm

anterior deltoid

front deltoid

rectus abdomini

abs

adductor longus

inner thigh

rectus femoris

centre quadricep

agonist

muscle that contract and creates muscle movement

antagonist

opposes the agonist, providing a resistance for coordinated movement

antagonist muscle action

paired muscle action; as the agonist shortens to create movement, the antagonist lengthens to coordinate the action

fixator

stabilises one part of the body, while another causes movement

isometric contraction

when a muscle contracts, but doesn't change length (helps maintain posture)

concentric contraction

when a muscle shortens, producing tension

eccentric contraction

when a muscle lengthens, producing tension (resists gravity, to control joint movement)

tendon

a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

DOMS

delayed onset muscle soreness: pain and stiffness felt in the muscle which peaks 24-72 hours after exercise, associated with eccentric muscle contractions

movement analysis

analysis of the type and cause of bodily movement, including knowledge of joint type, articulating bones, movement patterns, agonist and antagonist muscle action, and contraction type

motor neurone

a nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres

motor unit

a motor neurone and the muscle fibres stimulated by its axon

action potential

positive electrical charge inside the nerve and muscle cells which conducts the nerve impulse down the neurone and into the muscle fibre

neurotransmitter

a chemical (acetylcholine, Ach) produced and secreted by a neurone which transmits the nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft to the muscle fibre

all-or-none law

depending on whether the stimulus is above a threshold, all muscle fibres will give a complete contraction, or no contraction at all

slow oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres (SO)

a type of muscle fibre rich in mitochondria, myoglobin, and capillaries, which produces a small amount of force aerobically over a long period of time

fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres (FOG)

a type of muscle fibre which produces a large force anaerobically over a short amount of time

fast glycolytic muscle fibres (FG)

a type of muscle fibre rich in PC (Phosphocreatine), which produces a maximal force over a short period of time

phosphocreatine (PC)

a high-energy compound stored in the muscle cell, used as a fuel for very high-intensity energy production (ATP-PC system)

mitochondria

a structure in the sarcoplasm responsible for aerobic energy production

myoglobin

a protein in the muscle responsible for transporting oxygen to the mitochondria

aerobic work

low intensity, long-duration exercise in the absence of oxygen

anaerobic work

high intensity, short-duration exercise in the presence of oxygen