anat and phys week 1

anatomy

form of the body

physiology

function of the body

anatomical position

standing upright

feet flat on the floor

arms at the sides

palms, eyes & face forward

left or right is used in reference to the subject

anterior/ventral (torso)

front of body

posterior/dorsal (torso)

back of body

lateral (torso/extremities)

away from the midline of the body

medial (torso/extremities)

toward the midline of the body

proximal (extremities)

near the point of attachment

distal (extremities)

far from point of attachment

unilateral

one side affected/included

bilateral

both sides affected/included

contralateral

opposite side affected

deep

far from the surface/skin of the body (like the bone)

superficial

toward the surface/skin of the body (like the muscle)

supine

lying face up

prone

lying face down

coronal (anatomical plane)

front/back division

sagittal (anatomical plane)

left/right division

transverse (anatomical plane)

upper and lower division

if a movement is described in terms of a plane, where does it occur?

parallel to that plane

flexion (movement in the sagittal plane)

bending movement that decreases the angle in a joint by bringing the bones together (like elbow)

extension (movement in the sagittal plane)

straightening movement that increases the angle in a joint by putting space between bones

plantar flexion / dorsal flexion (movement in the sagittal plane)

occurs at the ankle joint, pointing toes down (inferior) or pulling toes up (superior)

abduction (movements in the coronal plane)

lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk/torso

adduction (movements in the coronal plane)

movement medially toward the midline of the trunk

lateral flexion (movements in the coronal plane)

lateral bending of the head or trunk

elevation - scapulae (movement in the coronal plane)

moving shoulders up and down

eversion - ankle (movement in the coronal plane)

angling of plantar surface of foot laterally

inversion - ankle (movement in the coronal plane)

angling of plantar surface of foot medially

rotation left and right (movement in the transverse plane)

applies to rotation of the head, neck, or trunk

pronation and supination

forearm movement, in anatomical position, forearm/hand is supinated

i.e hold the soup → supination

spill it → pronation

axial region

head, neck, and trunk

parts of the axial region: head

• Cephalon

  • Cranium

  • Facies/Face

• Frons/Forehead

• Oculus

• Oris

• Auris/ear/otic

• Bucca

• Mentis/Mental

parts of the axial region: trunk

• Cervicis/Cervical

• Thoracis/Thorax

• Lumbar

• Abdomen (not stomach) 

• Umbilicus

• Pelvis/Pelvic

• Inguen/Inguina

parts of the appendicular region: upper extremities

• Appendicular region = upper and lower limbs

  • Upper extremity/limb = Arm/brachium  &  Forearm/antebrachium

  • Lower extremity/limb = Thigh & Leg

• Axilla

• Brachium/Arm

• Antebrachium/Forearm

• Olecranon

• Carpus

• Palm/Palmar surface

parts of the appendicular region: lower extremities

• Thigh

• Leg

• Gluteus/Gluteal

• Popliteus/Popliteal

• Patella/Patellar

• Dorsal surface

• Plantar surface

surface anatomy - abdominopelvic quadrants

useful in identifying structures or symptoms in a clinical setting

4, right and left, upper and lower

OR

sometimes 9, right and left: hypochondriac, lumbar, umbilical, pelvic

body cavities

spaces within the body that protect organs and permit change/movement/growth

major body cavities

dorsal, ventral

dorsal cavity

cranial cavity (brain), vertebral canal (sp. cord)

ventral body cavity

thoracic cavity, abdomino cavity, separated by diaphragm

major body membranes

pericardium - contains heart

peritoneum - surrounds most abdominal organs

pleurae - surround the lungs

intramembranous body cavities

area within a double layer of tissue that surrounds certain organs

“fist in a balloon”

body cavities - thoracic

separated into regions

right and left pleural cavities

mediastinum: space between the lungs, upper portion filled with blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus

lower portion contains pericardial sac

body cavities - abdominopelvic cavity

abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity